nln pax biology (Answered) Complete
Solution
Cell
smallest living unit and the basic unit of function and structure for all living things.
Nucleus
contains genetic information or DNA, controls the activities of the cell.
DNA -
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - genetic information.
Plasma or Cell Membrane
Semipermeable membrane that separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding
fluids (interstitial fluid).
Interstitial Fluid
contains substances such as aminoacids, sugars, fatty acids, hormones,
neurotransmitters and salts.
Selectively permeable or semi permeable membrane
refers to the selective nature of the plasma membrane. It contains pores and channels
that allow only particles of the right size or right chemical nature to pass through.
Additionally plasma membrane contains receptors that bind with specific substances,
thus allowing special entry or signals to the cell to perform a certain activity.
Cytoplasm
Fluid matrix found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus that act as
scaffolding for the organelles.
Organelles
or "little organs" are specialized units in the cell that perform certain functions.
Mitochondria
are the locations for cellular respiration that is the conversion of food to energy at the
cellular level, thus the mitochondria are the sites of energy production and most of its
ATP.
ATP
adenosine triphosphate - chemical the cell uses to store and transfer energy within
itself.
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis in the cell.
Endoplasmatic Reticulum(ER)
serves as means of transport within the cell and is made up of many channels.
Rough ER
named for the fact that it has ribosomes on its surface, serves to store and deliver
proteins made by the attached ribosomes.
Smooth ER
Free of ribosomes, found in a variety of cells, performs varying functions in different
cells, including the storage of enzymes and minerals and the folding of proteins, among
other things. It is thought to be involved in the detoxification of chemicals and the
metabolism of fats.
Golgi Complex
, modifies and packages proteins destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell.
Lysosome
sacs that contain strong digestive enzymes, responsible for digesting cell structures that
are no longer living or that are malfunctioning and for digesting waste.
Cell wall
exclusive to plant cells and it involves the plant cells, essential for their protection,
maintenance of shape and water balance.
Chloroplast
contains chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
Vacuole
large compartments in the cytoplasm that serve as places for secretion, excretion and
storage.
Chromatin
loosely structured DNA found when the cell is not dividing.
Chromosomes
condensed rod shaped bodies of DNA found when the cell is dividing.
Mitosis
process of cell division that happens in non-reproductive or somatic cells. The new cells
are identical copies of the parent cell. This is achieved by a doubling of the
chromosomes prior to division.
Zygote
cell created by the union of a sperm and an egg, contains a full set of chromosomes,
half from each parent.
Meiosis
process of cell division that happens in reproductive cells or gametes (cells that contain
only half of the genetic material). It consists first of a doubling of chromosomes then two
subsequent divisions. So the product is 4 daughter cells each with half of the genetic
material than a non-reproductive or somatic cell.
Tissue
cells with common structure and function
Muscle Tissue
skeletal, cardiac and smooth
Epithelial Tissue
skin and lining of organs
Nervous Tissue
neurons
Connective Tissue
cartilage, blood, fat and bones
Organ
various tissue forms combined to perform a specialized function.
Organ System
number of organs working together to perform a major function
Natural Selection
process by which the traits that promote or enhance an organism's ability to survive and
reproduce are passed on to following generations.
Adaptation
Solution
Cell
smallest living unit and the basic unit of function and structure for all living things.
Nucleus
contains genetic information or DNA, controls the activities of the cell.
DNA -
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - genetic information.
Plasma or Cell Membrane
Semipermeable membrane that separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding
fluids (interstitial fluid).
Interstitial Fluid
contains substances such as aminoacids, sugars, fatty acids, hormones,
neurotransmitters and salts.
Selectively permeable or semi permeable membrane
refers to the selective nature of the plasma membrane. It contains pores and channels
that allow only particles of the right size or right chemical nature to pass through.
Additionally plasma membrane contains receptors that bind with specific substances,
thus allowing special entry or signals to the cell to perform a certain activity.
Cytoplasm
Fluid matrix found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus that act as
scaffolding for the organelles.
Organelles
or "little organs" are specialized units in the cell that perform certain functions.
Mitochondria
are the locations for cellular respiration that is the conversion of food to energy at the
cellular level, thus the mitochondria are the sites of energy production and most of its
ATP.
ATP
adenosine triphosphate - chemical the cell uses to store and transfer energy within
itself.
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis in the cell.
Endoplasmatic Reticulum(ER)
serves as means of transport within the cell and is made up of many channels.
Rough ER
named for the fact that it has ribosomes on its surface, serves to store and deliver
proteins made by the attached ribosomes.
Smooth ER
Free of ribosomes, found in a variety of cells, performs varying functions in different
cells, including the storage of enzymes and minerals and the folding of proteins, among
other things. It is thought to be involved in the detoxification of chemicals and the
metabolism of fats.
Golgi Complex
, modifies and packages proteins destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell.
Lysosome
sacs that contain strong digestive enzymes, responsible for digesting cell structures that
are no longer living or that are malfunctioning and for digesting waste.
Cell wall
exclusive to plant cells and it involves the plant cells, essential for their protection,
maintenance of shape and water balance.
Chloroplast
contains chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
Vacuole
large compartments in the cytoplasm that serve as places for secretion, excretion and
storage.
Chromatin
loosely structured DNA found when the cell is not dividing.
Chromosomes
condensed rod shaped bodies of DNA found when the cell is dividing.
Mitosis
process of cell division that happens in non-reproductive or somatic cells. The new cells
are identical copies of the parent cell. This is achieved by a doubling of the
chromosomes prior to division.
Zygote
cell created by the union of a sperm and an egg, contains a full set of chromosomes,
half from each parent.
Meiosis
process of cell division that happens in reproductive cells or gametes (cells that contain
only half of the genetic material). It consists first of a doubling of chromosomes then two
subsequent divisions. So the product is 4 daughter cells each with half of the genetic
material than a non-reproductive or somatic cell.
Tissue
cells with common structure and function
Muscle Tissue
skeletal, cardiac and smooth
Epithelial Tissue
skin and lining of organs
Nervous Tissue
neurons
Connective Tissue
cartilage, blood, fat and bones
Organ
various tissue forms combined to perform a specialized function.
Organ System
number of organs working together to perform a major function
Natural Selection
process by which the traits that promote or enhance an organism's ability to survive and
reproduce are passed on to following generations.
Adaptation
