BIO 669 Quiz 3 – Endocrine Questions and Answers latest 2022/2023,100% CORRECT

BIO 669 Quiz 3 – Endocrine Questions and Answers latest 2022/2023 1. A hormone not involved in sugar metabolism is: a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Aldosterone d. Cortisol 2. A possible symptom of an expanding pituitary tumor not related to hormones includes: a. Visual disturbances b. Muscle weakness c. Respiratory depression d. Hearing disturbances 3. The regulation shown by a hormone feeding back on the organ that released it, in addition to the physiologic effect feeding back on that same producing/secreting organ that released the hormone is termed: a. Long feedback loop b. Positive feedback c. Ultra short feedback loop 4. Which of the following characteristics is typical of rapid and long lasting response hormones? a. Binds to surface receptors b. Carrier bound and lipid soluble c. Dissolved in plasma, water soluble d. High molecular weight 5. Chromaffin cells are found in the: A. Anterior pituitary gland B. Adrenal gland C. Parathyroid gland D. Pineal gland 6. Besides having anti-inflammatory effects, cortisol (and thus most glucocorticoids) will also: A. lower glucose levels in the blood B. Stimulate growth of cells C. Promote Na loss by the kidneys D. Reduce protein synthesis in cells 7. Hyperthyroidism resulting from Graves disease will present with all of the following EXCEPT: A. Exophthalmos B. Increased levels of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) C. Pretibial myxedema D. Increased heart rate and metabolism 8. Panhypopituitarism will result in a decrease in all of the following EXCEPT: A. Oxytocin B. Follicle-stimulating hormone C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Growth hormone 9. Which of the following is not a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus? A. Retinopathy B. Increased risk of infection C. Paresthesias and neuropathy D. All of the above are chronic complications of diabetes mellitus E. Microvessel and peripheral vascular disease 10. Cytokines are chemical messengers that act on nearby cells and are thereby said to have effects. a. Hormonal b. Neurohormonal c. Autocrine d. Paracrine 11. If anterior pituitary secretion is deficient in a growing child, the child will: a. Mature sexually at an earlier than normal age. b. Become a dwarf, but have fairly normal body proportions c. Develop acromegaly d. Be in constant danger of dehydration 12. The anterior pituitary secretes all of the following except: a. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) b. Growth Hormone c. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) d. Gonadotropins 13. Negative feedback that T3 and T4 hormones of the thyroid gland have on the hypothalamus is an example of: a. Long loop inhibition b. Tropic inhibition c. Somatic inhibition d. Short loop inhibition 14. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding regulation of Pituitary hormone secretion by the hypothalamus? A. All anterior hormones are regulated by releasing hormones and a release inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus. B. All posterior pituitary hormones are regulated by a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. C. None of the above are correct. D. All pituitary hormones are tropic hormones. E. All pituitary hormones are regulated by tropic hormones from the Hypothalamus. 15. What percentage of the total beta cell population in the pancreas must be destroyed before noticeable hyperglycemia occurs? A. About 10% B. About half (50%) C. Between 80-90%. D. Between 10-30% 16. Gestational diabetes mellitus is best described as: a. Diabetes caused by a viral infection b.Subclinical damage to the beta cells that preceded onset of diabetes c.Any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy d. Beta cell function or action affected by autosomal dominant mutations 17. Excessive levels of cortisol as a result of excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH is termed: A. Cushing syndrome B. Addison disease C. Cushing Disease D. Graves disease 18. Insulin has effects on electrolytes as well, such as stimulating the movement of: A. K+, PO4, Mg++ and amino acids into the cell B. Na+ out of the cell C. Ca++ into the cell D. Cl- out of the cell 19. Which of the following stimulates the release of oxytocin? A. Dehydration B. Rising blood calcium levels C. Rise in estrogen levels D. Stimulation of the nipples 20. An important anabolic hormone which has many of its effects mediated by IGF’s is: A. Growth hormone B. Aldosterone C. Cortisol D. Luteinizing hormone 21. The alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans secretes: A. Pancreatic polypeptide B. Somatostatin and gastrin C. Insulin D. Glucagon 22. Hypocalcemia will result in all of the following EXCEPT: A. Spasms, tetany, hyperreflexia B. Hyperphosphatemia C. Positive Chvostek and trousseau sign D. Decreased neuromuscular excitability 23. Which of the following is NOT associated with hypothyroidism? A. Constipation B. Heat intolerance C. Hashimoto's thyroiditis D. Myxedema coma 24. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) will result in all of the following EXCEPT: A. Enhanced water retention B. Increased plasma osmolarity (hyperosmolarity) C. Hypersecretion of ADH D. No peripheral edema, but muscle twitching may occur if increasing sensitivity 25. Diabetes insipidus will show all of the following sign and symptoms EXCEPT: A. Glucose in urine B. Frequent urination C. All of the above are found in diabetes insipidus D. Stimulation of thirst reflex 26. All of the following are clinical effects of primary hyperaldosteronism EXCEPT: A. Hypertension often resistant to treatment B. Low K+ levels and increased K+ excreted in the urine C. Increase renal Na+ retention and thus hypervolemia D. Decreased neuromuscular excitability 27. A clinical feature of addison disease is: A. Truncal (abdominal) obesity B. Muscle wasting and thin extremities C. Cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension D. Hyperpigmentation 28. Decreased hypothalamic function of all associated hormones will result in an increase in the anterior pituitary production/release of: A. Prolactin B. Luteinizing hormone (LH) C. Growth hormone (GH) D. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 29. In primary hyposecretion of the thyroid hormones, A. None of the above are true B. Levels of thyroid hormones in the blood decrease C. All of the above are true D. Levels of TSH in the blood decrease 30. Hormones affect only specific tissues because: A. The blood carried to the specific tissues affected B. The cells allow the hormones to cross their plasma membrane C. Only cells with the matching receptor will be affected D. Hormones are not specific and affect every cell 32. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Metabolic syndrome is often described as a condition of hypertension, dyslipidemia (high triglycerides, low HDL) and above normal glucose levels B. Type I diabetes is more commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis C. Type II diabetes is more commonly associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome D. Type I diabetes develops rapidly and is not associated with obesity 33. Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer, and is most commonly caused by: A. Parasite infection B. Ionizing radiation, usually as a child or teen C. Insufficient oxygen around the time of birth D. Genetics and family history 34. Absence of thyroxine would result in: A. Increased heart rate and increased force of contraction B. High metabolic C. Exophthalmos D. Depression of the CNS and lethargy 35. Calcitonin is secreted by the gland. A. Adrenal B. Parathyroid. C. Pituitary D. Thyroid 36. The pineal gland is responsible for secretion of: a.Insulin b.Melatonin c.ACTH d.Prolactin 37. Which of the following is an example of permissiveness? a. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels and insulin decreases blood glucose levels b.All of the above c.Estrogen stimulates the synthesis of progesterone receptors in the endometrium e.Glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol all increase blood glucose levels 38. Diabetes insipidus is best described as: a.An inability to be able to dilute the urine b.Water retention and weight gain c.An insufficiency in ADH amount or response d.Hyponatremia and decreased plasma osmolarity 39. While the primary stimulation of aldosterone secretion is angiotensin II, can also directly stimulate secretion. A. A drop in Na+ or rise in K+ plasma levels B. Growth Hormone C. Increased plasma glucose levels D. Thyroid Hormone 40. If a cell undergoes up-regulation, its response to that matching hormone is: A. More sensitive due to increase number or affinity of receptors B. Reduced because of blockage of signaling mechanisms C. Increased because of higher concentrations of hormone D. Less sensitive due to decreased number or affinity of receptors 41. Primary hyperparathyroidism will result in: A. Strengthening and widening of bones B. Decrease in red blood cells production C. Excessive PTH release and increased levels of plasma Ca++ D. Hyperphosphatemia 42. ADH and oxytocin are usually released from the pituitary in response to: A. G protein mediated receptor binding B. Rise in blood calcium levels C.Direct stimulation by synapsing neurons D. Release of hypothalamic releasing hormones 43. The hormone that causes reabsorption of Na+ ions in the kidneys is: a. Growth hormone b. Follicle stimulating hormone c. Aldosterone d. T3 and t4 e. Luteinizing hormone 44. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs most directly as a result of leading to increased lipolysis and formation of ketone bodies. a. Increased stress hormones b.Profound insulin insufficiency c.Insulin resistance with a mild decrease in insulin d.Hyperglycemia 45. Which of the following adrenal hormones is secreted by chromaffin cells? a. Cortisol b. Epinephrine c. Androgens d. Aldosterone 46. Decreased hypothalamic function of all associated hormones will result in an anterior pituitary production/ release of: a. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) b. Prolactin c. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) d. Growth Hormone (GH) 47. A hypodermic injection of epinephrine would: A. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate the bronchi and increase peristalsis B. Decrease heart rate, increase blood pressure, constrict the bronchi and increase peristalsis C. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate the bronchi and decrease peristalsis D. Decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure, constrict the bronchi and increase peristalsis 48. Acromegaly, first developed as a 25 yo adult, will overtime result in: A. Increasing height leading to gigantism B. Thickened bones, especially forehead and hands, plus proximal myopathy C. Decreased blood levels of glucose D. Decreased connective tissue and weakness of tendons/bones 49. Hyperpituitarism from a slow growing adenoma tumor can result in visual changes (double vision, blurred vision) often as the first symptom requiring a visit to the clinic because: A. The space occupying lesion can push on the optic chiasma/tracts B. The space occupying lesion can diminish the amount of thyroid hormone released C. The space occupying lesion can affect Broca’s area D. The space occupying lesion can affect the visual cortex of the brain