BIO 669 Renal quiz 6 Questions and Answers Latest updated 2022,100% CORRECT

BIO 669 Renal quiz 6 Questions and Answers Latest updated 2022 Quiz 6 - Renal 1. The sodium (Na+) sensing cells in the distal tubules are the: macula densa 2. Vitamin D is essential for: The absorption of Ca++ and phosphate from the GI tract 3. The renal blood flow, and thus GFR, are kept relatively constant by . Myogenic (Intrinsic) autoregulation 4. The biggest stimulus (driver) of renin release is: Decreased Na+ concentration in the distal tubules 5. The most common organism causing urinary tract infection is: E. coli 6. Acute cystitis is best described as: Inflammation of the bladder presenting with frequency, dysuria and lower abdominal and/or suprapubic, low back pain 7. An increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) stimulates which of the following? Increased water excretion in the urine 8. A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria after undergoing catheterization of the ureters. What is the most likely cause of this condition? Postrenal acute renal failure 9. The modified smooth muscle that secrete renin are the Juxtaglomerular cells 10. Antidiuretic hormone works by Incorporating aquaporins into the distal tubule and collecting ducts, making them permeable to water 11. Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces due to upper urinary obstruction would best be termed a(n)? Hydronephrosis 12. Which of the following is a symptom of chronic kidney disease Hypocalcemia 13. Which of the following would be expected to trigger a decrease in the secretion of ADH? ingestion of a large amount of pure water 14. What is the role of erythropoietin released by the kidney? It stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow 15. The pyramids contain the collecting ducts that drain through the papilla and are collected by the: Calyx (calyses) 16. Because sweat is essentially a salt solution with an osmolarity lower than that of plasma, severe sweating leads to a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in plasma osmolarity. How do these changes affect the secretion of ADH? Both the decrease in plasma volume and the increase in plasma osmolarity stimulate ADH secretion 17. Glucose reabsorption occurs primarily in the Proximal convoluted tubule 18. Aldosterone, upon secretion by the adrenal cortex, will have what effect on solute movement in the kidneys? K+ loss to the urine, Na+ retention in the plasma 19. Which of the following is a risk factor for postobstructive diuresis? hypertension 20. Which of the following is NOT a constant finding in nephrotic syndrome? Hypertension and vasoconstriction 21. Which of the following is an inhibitor of stone formation? Uromodulin (Tamm Horsfall proteins) 22. The low hydrostatic pressure, high oncotic (osmotic) pressure vessels that allow for reabsorption of valuable substances from the filtrate are: Peritubular capillaries 23. Which of the following does not favor a large glomerular filtration rate? High resistance in afferent arterioles 24. The creatinine clearance test is a measure that typically is used to evaluate: The GFR (glomerular filtration rate) 25. Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin II? Reduced aldosterone release 26. Urine does not reflux (flow back up) into the ureter because: the lower end of the ureter is compressed by the detrusor muscle during micturition 27. The outer capillary epithelium is comprised of which fit with others to form filtration slits. Podocytes 28. The intercalated cells function to: Reabsorb K+ and secrete H+ 29. The normal fasting glucose concentration is 100 mg/dL, and the renal threshold is 300 mg/dl. If the plasma concentration doubles to 200 mg/dl, then: The rate at which glucose is reabsorbed will double 30. Overactive bladder syndrome shows which of the following features? Frequency, urgency, weak flow and nocturia 31. The common cause of pyelonephritis is: All of the above 32. Which statement is TRUE regarding Mesangial cells? All of the above 33. With regards to the renal system, aging causes: decrease in renal blood flow and GFR 34. The are found in the aortic arch and carotid bodies and are sensitive to low O2 levels. peripheral chemoreceptors 35. Nephroptosis is an abnormal condition in which the kidney droops down into the pelvis and leads to leaking of ureter or vessels. (T/F) True 36. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by excretion caused by protein, glomerular injury 37. Which set of structures comprise the alveolocapillary membrane? alveolar wall, capillary wall, shared basement membrane 38. cells secrete H+ and reabsorb K+ and HCO3- Intercalated cells 39. The three phases of Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome include all except cavitation 40. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Hypertrophy of the opposite kidney compensates for loss of function of the kidney with obstructive disease. 41 , secreted from the adrenal gland, facilitates tubular reabsorption of fluid by controlling sodium retention and the excretion of potassium via epithelial cells in the renal tubules. Aldosterone 42. Hallmark signs of nephritic syndrome include all of the following except . Hypotension 43. The is sensitive to changes in Juxtaglomerular cell, pressure 44. The Loop of Henle and distal tubule are responsible for which nephron function? Both C & D 45. The nephrons best able to concentrate the urine are the nephrons. Juxtamedullary 46. A person with Lupus Erythematosus is most likely to have fatal complications arising from: Immune complex deposition to the glomeruli, leading to severe glomerulonephritis 47. The osmolarity of tubular fluid increases as it flows through the descending loop of Henle because: Water moves passively out of the descending limb 48. The area where the blood is filtered and proteins are generally separated from the plasma is the: glomerulus 49. Which of the following is NOT associated with chronic kidney disease? Hypercalcemia 50. Urodilantin is a natriuretic peptide and as such has what effect on the kidneys/nephrons? It enhances Na+ secretion and K+ retention 51. Which of the following does not stimulate aldosterone release? Atrial natriuretic peptide 52. The loss of albumin in the urine will produce all of the following except: a. Reduction of mesangial cells and increased podocytes 53. What is a major factor(s) in why females are more prone to getting a UTI than men are? both a & b 54. Urinary tract obstruction severity is based on all of the following EXCEPT? Size 55. Juxtaglomerular cells are made up of cells, they sense pressure in the arterioles, and release ? modified smooth muscle, afferent, renin 56. Urinary calculi are classified by the primary minerals that they are comprised of. Which are the most and least common types of stones, respectively? calcium/phosphate & cystine 57. The nephron can perform many functions simultaneously. Which one below is NOT a function of the nephron: all the above are functions of the nephron 58. The most common renal tumor is: renal cell carcinoma 59. Hypovolemia, hypotension or hypoperfusion are examples of what type of acute kidney injury? prerenal 60. Common causes of pyelonephritis include all of the following EXCEPT urinary tract infection 61. A man with multiple sclerosis is incontinent first thing in the morning when his caregiver arrives late and he is not able to self catheterize without her help. This type of incontinence is known as . functional incontinence 62. A UTI is inflammation of the urinary that is most often caused by . epithelium; bacteria 63. An increase in renin secretion would result in all of the following EXCEPT: Increased potassium resorption 64. Renin is an enzyme that is formed and stored in the cells of the arterioles of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus 65. Glomerular filtration rate is regulated through autoregulation, neural regulation, and hormonal regulation. Which of the following is an example of autoregulation? Tubuloglomerular feedback 66. Roughly 30% of patients with symptoms of UTI are abacteriuric (T/F) True