ISS 305
Exam 3 Practice Questions
& Answers
1. Which of the following statements (A, B, and C) are false?
A. If an effect is practically significant, then it will always be statistically significant.
B. If an effect is statistically significant, then it must be practically significant.
C. If an effect is statistically significant, then it proves a causal relationship.
D. A, B, and C are all false statements.
2. Chuck flips a fair coin 9 times and gets nine heads in a row. What is the probability that he’ll get a tail
on the 10th flip?
A. .10 B. .50 C. .70 D. .90
3. Sarah loves to listen to New Age music and faithfully reads her horoscope each day. In her spare time,
she enjoys aromatherapy and attending a local spirituality group. Based on the representativeness
heuristic people are more likely to predict that Sarah is a
A. holistic healer. B. school teacher.
4. Effect size
A. is how strongly the DV influences the IV.
B. tells you if you rejected your null hypothesis.
C. is how strongly the IV influences the DV.
D. Both A and B are correct answers.
5. Type I error is a .
A. miss B. hit C. false positive D. correct negative
6. X = Doug is passing this course; Y = Doug is a French major
Based on previous research looking at the conjunction fallacy,
A. participants will say that the probability of X & Y is lower than the probability of Y.
B. participants will say that the probability of X & Y is greater than the probability of Y.
C. participants will refuse to answer any questions about Doug.
D. participants will say that Doug is actually failing the course because he is nice.
7. The is the tendency to see links between events in the past and events in the future when
the two are really independent.
A. Conjunction Fallacy
B. Representativeness Heuristic
C. Inverse Probabilities Fallacy
D. Gambler's Fallacy
8. Which of the following statements is true about the decision errors?
A. If we follow the five-step hypothesis testing procedure, we will never commit any decision
errors.
B. Because the small probability basically equals to impossible, we can ignore the decision errors.
C. We can always know if we are committing a Type I or Type II error.
D. Type II error occurs when we incorrectly retain the null hypothesis.
9. Which of the following will result in greater power for a hypothesis testing?
A. Make the alpha more stringent (e.g., from .05 to .01).
B. Use a smaller, but more representative sample.
C. Have a treatment that has larger effect size.
D. Use a two-tailed test to capture all the possible effects.
, 10. Statistical power refers to the:
A. probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true.
B. probability of retaining the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true.
C. probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
D. probability of retaining the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
11. Researchers probably want to
A. fail to reject the H0.
B. reject the H0.
C. Find support for H1.
D. Both B and C are essentially the same and both are correct answers.
12. If you strongly believed in a just world you would be more likely to help a fellow student an exam.
A. before
B. after
C. You would be equally likely to help a fellow student both before and after an exam.
D. Helping people is for suckers.
13. It becomes more likely that observed differences are due to chance as
A. the sample size increases.
B. the observer ages.
C. the sample size decreases.
D. None of the answers presented are correct.
14. If Ho = person is innocent, then a
A. Type I error would result in a not guilty verdict.
B. Type II error would result in a guilty verdict.
C. Type II error would result in a not guilty verdict.
D. None of the answers presented are correct.
15. You want to know whether exposure to lead in water affects intelligence in 10-year old children. If you
give them a test that is intended for 5-year olds, you might not find a significant difference between
children that were and were not exposed to lead due to:
A. floor effects
B. ceiling effects
C. too much within-group variability
D. socially desirable responding
16. Dr. Bad conducted 100 experiments to see if drinking large amounts of alcohol made people smarter.
Only 5 experiments were statistically significant. Dr. Bad decided to only publish the significant results.
This is an example of:
A. Filer Drawer Problem.
B. Multiple Comparisons.
C. P-Hacking.
17. Dr. Bad decides to change their norms and be a better scientist. Which of the following would be a way
for them to be better?
A. Change their analyses based on how those changes impact their p-value to become significant.
B. Use multiple comparisons and report the DVs that are significant.
C. Use open science practices (e.g., make all their materials and datasets available).
Exam 3 Practice Questions
& Answers
1. Which of the following statements (A, B, and C) are false?
A. If an effect is practically significant, then it will always be statistically significant.
B. If an effect is statistically significant, then it must be practically significant.
C. If an effect is statistically significant, then it proves a causal relationship.
D. A, B, and C are all false statements.
2. Chuck flips a fair coin 9 times and gets nine heads in a row. What is the probability that he’ll get a tail
on the 10th flip?
A. .10 B. .50 C. .70 D. .90
3. Sarah loves to listen to New Age music and faithfully reads her horoscope each day. In her spare time,
she enjoys aromatherapy and attending a local spirituality group. Based on the representativeness
heuristic people are more likely to predict that Sarah is a
A. holistic healer. B. school teacher.
4. Effect size
A. is how strongly the DV influences the IV.
B. tells you if you rejected your null hypothesis.
C. is how strongly the IV influences the DV.
D. Both A and B are correct answers.
5. Type I error is a .
A. miss B. hit C. false positive D. correct negative
6. X = Doug is passing this course; Y = Doug is a French major
Based on previous research looking at the conjunction fallacy,
A. participants will say that the probability of X & Y is lower than the probability of Y.
B. participants will say that the probability of X & Y is greater than the probability of Y.
C. participants will refuse to answer any questions about Doug.
D. participants will say that Doug is actually failing the course because he is nice.
7. The is the tendency to see links between events in the past and events in the future when
the two are really independent.
A. Conjunction Fallacy
B. Representativeness Heuristic
C. Inverse Probabilities Fallacy
D. Gambler's Fallacy
8. Which of the following statements is true about the decision errors?
A. If we follow the five-step hypothesis testing procedure, we will never commit any decision
errors.
B. Because the small probability basically equals to impossible, we can ignore the decision errors.
C. We can always know if we are committing a Type I or Type II error.
D. Type II error occurs when we incorrectly retain the null hypothesis.
9. Which of the following will result in greater power for a hypothesis testing?
A. Make the alpha more stringent (e.g., from .05 to .01).
B. Use a smaller, but more representative sample.
C. Have a treatment that has larger effect size.
D. Use a two-tailed test to capture all the possible effects.
, 10. Statistical power refers to the:
A. probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true.
B. probability of retaining the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true.
C. probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
D. probability of retaining the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
11. Researchers probably want to
A. fail to reject the H0.
B. reject the H0.
C. Find support for H1.
D. Both B and C are essentially the same and both are correct answers.
12. If you strongly believed in a just world you would be more likely to help a fellow student an exam.
A. before
B. after
C. You would be equally likely to help a fellow student both before and after an exam.
D. Helping people is for suckers.
13. It becomes more likely that observed differences are due to chance as
A. the sample size increases.
B. the observer ages.
C. the sample size decreases.
D. None of the answers presented are correct.
14. If Ho = person is innocent, then a
A. Type I error would result in a not guilty verdict.
B. Type II error would result in a guilty verdict.
C. Type II error would result in a not guilty verdict.
D. None of the answers presented are correct.
15. You want to know whether exposure to lead in water affects intelligence in 10-year old children. If you
give them a test that is intended for 5-year olds, you might not find a significant difference between
children that were and were not exposed to lead due to:
A. floor effects
B. ceiling effects
C. too much within-group variability
D. socially desirable responding
16. Dr. Bad conducted 100 experiments to see if drinking large amounts of alcohol made people smarter.
Only 5 experiments were statistically significant. Dr. Bad decided to only publish the significant results.
This is an example of:
A. Filer Drawer Problem.
B. Multiple Comparisons.
C. P-Hacking.
17. Dr. Bad decides to change their norms and be a better scientist. Which of the following would be a way
for them to be better?
A. Change their analyses based on how those changes impact their p-value to become significant.
B. Use multiple comparisons and report the DVs that are significant.
C. Use open science practices (e.g., make all their materials and datasets available).
