AP US History Exam Review
Chapter 3: Discovering and Settling the New World 1492-1700 - ANSWER...
John Calvin - ANSWERFrench humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious
thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion
Martin Luther - ANSWERa German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman
Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.
John Smith - ANSWER..., Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped
the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
Protestant Reformation - ANSWER..., a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt
to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
Treaty of Tordesillas - ANSWER..., Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493
to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.
Roanoke - ANSWER..., Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh,
and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't
know what became of them.
Virginia Company - ANSWER..., Joint-stock company chartered by King James I of England; established
the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607.
elect - ANSWER..., in Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for salvation.
,encomienda - ANSWER..., a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right
to use Native Americans as laborers on it
Chapter 4: The Atlantic World 1600-1750 - ANSWER...
John Winthrop - ANSWER..., Puritan Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city
upon a hill"
Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER..., She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals
instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the
Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.
Roger Williams - ANSWER..., He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed
that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his
religious beliefs.
John Rolfe - ANSWER..., married Pocahontas and started the planting of tobacco in Jamestown
Lord Baltimore - ANSWER..., 1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious
freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
Sir William Berkeley - ANSWER..., the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that favored large
planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the 'backcountry.' His shortcomings led to Bacon's
Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon - ANSWER..., Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia
Colony
,William and Mary - ANSWER..., King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic
reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be
office-holders.
The Church of England - ANSWER..., Also known as the Anglican Church, this Church was founded by
1534 by King Henry VIII, The king sought to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon however Pope
Clement VII refused to dissolve the marriage. Enraged the King broke away from the Roman Catholic
Church.
Puritans - ANSWER..., Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman
Catholic traces in practice and organization.
New England Confederation - ANSWER..., 1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New
England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.
separatists - ANSWER..., People who wanted to have a separate, or different church than the church of
England. Also known as Pilgrims.
Pilgrims - ANSWER..., English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620
nonseparatists - ANSWER..., This is another name for the Puritans who arrived in New England in 1629
due to oppression and persecution by the English Crown. While in England, these Puritans believed they
must remain within the Church of England to reform it.
quakers - ANSWER..., English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of
pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania
Great Migration - ANSWER..., when more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape
religious persecution and economic hard times
, Holy Experiment - ANSWERan attempt by the Religious Society of Friends or (Quakers) to establish a
community for themselves in Pennsylvania. They hoped it would show to the world how well they could
function on their own without any persecution or dissension.
Bacon's Rebellion - ANSWER..., A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack
Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land
Pueblo Revolt - ANSWERan uprising of most of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish settlers in the
province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico.[1]
Glorious Revolution - ANSWER..., This was the "revolution" that replaced James II with William and Mary
that also recognized the supremacy of the Parliament with minimum bloodshed
Mayflower Compact - ANSWER..., 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was
signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
Halfway Covenant - ANSWER..., Used by Puritan Churches to bolster attendance but also keep political
leadership under the control respectable families. Conversion needed but not "regeneration" to be a
member of the congregation.
Dominion of New England - ANSWER..., 1686-The British government combined the colonies of
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal
governor (Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros
Act of Toleration - ANSWERThe Act allowed freedom of worship to Nonconformists who had pledged to
the oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy and rejected transubstantiation, i.e., Protestants who dissented
from the Church of England such as Baptists and Congregationalists but not to Catholics. Nonconformists
were allowed their own places of worship and their own teachers, if they accepted certain oaths of
allegiance.
Chapter 3: Discovering and Settling the New World 1492-1700 - ANSWER...
John Calvin - ANSWERFrench humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious
thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion
Martin Luther - ANSWERa German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman
Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.
John Smith - ANSWER..., Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped
the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
Protestant Reformation - ANSWER..., a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt
to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
Treaty of Tordesillas - ANSWER..., Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493
to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.
Roanoke - ANSWER..., Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh,
and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't
know what became of them.
Virginia Company - ANSWER..., Joint-stock company chartered by King James I of England; established
the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607.
elect - ANSWER..., in Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for salvation.
,encomienda - ANSWER..., a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right
to use Native Americans as laborers on it
Chapter 4: The Atlantic World 1600-1750 - ANSWER...
John Winthrop - ANSWER..., Puritan Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city
upon a hill"
Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER..., She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals
instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the
Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.
Roger Williams - ANSWER..., He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed
that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his
religious beliefs.
John Rolfe - ANSWER..., married Pocahontas and started the planting of tobacco in Jamestown
Lord Baltimore - ANSWER..., 1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious
freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
Sir William Berkeley - ANSWER..., the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that favored large
planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the 'backcountry.' His shortcomings led to Bacon's
Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon - ANSWER..., Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia
Colony
,William and Mary - ANSWER..., King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic
reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be
office-holders.
The Church of England - ANSWER..., Also known as the Anglican Church, this Church was founded by
1534 by King Henry VIII, The king sought to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon however Pope
Clement VII refused to dissolve the marriage. Enraged the King broke away from the Roman Catholic
Church.
Puritans - ANSWER..., Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman
Catholic traces in practice and organization.
New England Confederation - ANSWER..., 1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New
England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.
separatists - ANSWER..., People who wanted to have a separate, or different church than the church of
England. Also known as Pilgrims.
Pilgrims - ANSWER..., English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620
nonseparatists - ANSWER..., This is another name for the Puritans who arrived in New England in 1629
due to oppression and persecution by the English Crown. While in England, these Puritans believed they
must remain within the Church of England to reform it.
quakers - ANSWER..., English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of
pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania
Great Migration - ANSWER..., when more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape
religious persecution and economic hard times
, Holy Experiment - ANSWERan attempt by the Religious Society of Friends or (Quakers) to establish a
community for themselves in Pennsylvania. They hoped it would show to the world how well they could
function on their own without any persecution or dissension.
Bacon's Rebellion - ANSWER..., A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack
Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land
Pueblo Revolt - ANSWERan uprising of most of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish settlers in the
province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico.[1]
Glorious Revolution - ANSWER..., This was the "revolution" that replaced James II with William and Mary
that also recognized the supremacy of the Parliament with minimum bloodshed
Mayflower Compact - ANSWER..., 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was
signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
Halfway Covenant - ANSWER..., Used by Puritan Churches to bolster attendance but also keep political
leadership under the control respectable families. Conversion needed but not "regeneration" to be a
member of the congregation.
Dominion of New England - ANSWER..., 1686-The British government combined the colonies of
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal
governor (Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros
Act of Toleration - ANSWERThe Act allowed freedom of worship to Nonconformists who had pledged to
the oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy and rejected transubstantiation, i.e., Protestants who dissented
from the Church of England such as Baptists and Congregationalists but not to Catholics. Nonconformists
were allowed their own places of worship and their own teachers, if they accepted certain oaths of
allegiance.
