Acute Renal Failure Nursing Care Plan &
Management
Description
● Is a sudden decline in renal function, usually marked by increased concentrations of
blood urea nitrogen (BUN; azotemia) and creatinine; oliguria (less than 500 ml of
urine in 24 hours); hyperkalemia; and sodium retention.
● Acute renal failure are classified into following:
○ Prerenal failure – results from conditions that interrupt the renal blood
supply; thereby reducing renal perfusion (hypovolemia, shock,
hemorrhage, burns impaired cardiac output, diuretic therapy).
○ Postrenal failure – results from obstruction of urine flow.
○ Intrarenal failure – results from injury to the kidneys themselves
(ischemia, toxins, immunologic processes, systemic and vascular
disorders).
,● The disease progresses through three clinically distinct phase which is
oliguric-anuric, diuretic, and recovery, distinguished primarily by changes in urine
volume and BUN and creatinine levels.
● Complications of ARF include dysrhythmias, increased susceptibility to infection,
electrolyte abnormalities, GI bleeding due to stress ulcers, and multiple organ
failure. Untreated ARF can also progress to chronic renal failure, end-stage renal
disease, and death from uremia or related causes.
, Pathophysiology
Management
Description
● Is a sudden decline in renal function, usually marked by increased concentrations of
blood urea nitrogen (BUN; azotemia) and creatinine; oliguria (less than 500 ml of
urine in 24 hours); hyperkalemia; and sodium retention.
● Acute renal failure are classified into following:
○ Prerenal failure – results from conditions that interrupt the renal blood
supply; thereby reducing renal perfusion (hypovolemia, shock,
hemorrhage, burns impaired cardiac output, diuretic therapy).
○ Postrenal failure – results from obstruction of urine flow.
○ Intrarenal failure – results from injury to the kidneys themselves
(ischemia, toxins, immunologic processes, systemic and vascular
disorders).
,● The disease progresses through three clinically distinct phase which is
oliguric-anuric, diuretic, and recovery, distinguished primarily by changes in urine
volume and BUN and creatinine levels.
● Complications of ARF include dysrhythmias, increased susceptibility to infection,
electrolyte abnormalities, GI bleeding due to stress ulcers, and multiple organ
failure. Untreated ARF can also progress to chronic renal failure, end-stage renal
disease, and death from uremia or related causes.
, Pathophysiology
