Topic: Prokaryotes
Animal and plants Animal and plant cells are types of eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria
cells are are a type of prokaryote
examples of
eukaryotes Bacteria are prokaryotic meaning their cells do not have nuclei or any
other membrane bound organelles
Bacteria is an
example of a The cytoplasm contains one large loop of chromosomal DNA, which
prokaryote controls most of the cell’s activities.
Components of prokaryotes
Flexible cell wall - For protection and support
Cytoplasm - Where the cell's activities occur
Cell membrane - Controls what enters (endocytosis) and leaves
(exocytosis) the cellio
Chromosomal DNA - Contains the instructions for most of the cell’s
activities
Differences of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes don’t - Prokaryotic cells are much smaller (between 100 - 1000 times
have smaller)
membrane-bound - Have a cytoplasm which has no membrane bound organelles
organelles - No nucleus, instead they have a single circular DNA than is
free in the cytoplasm)
- Have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan
- Have plasmids, capsules and flagellum unlike eukaryotic cells
- Their ribosomes are structurally smaller compared to those in
eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell structure
Plasmids - Small loops of DNA that are separate from the main
Plasmids control circular DNA molecule. Plasmids which can be passed between
a few of the cells prokaryotes, for example the gene for antibiotic resistance can be
activities passed as this is not present in all prokaryotes
The slime coat Capsule - Some prokaryotes have an outer layer known as a capsule
protects the cell (also known as the slime capsule). It helps protect bacteria from
drying out and from attack by cells
Flagella provide Flagellum - A long hair-like structure that rotates, enabling
mobility prokaryotes to move, some prokaryotes have more than one of is not
present at all
Summary
Animal and plants Animal and plant cells are types of eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria
cells are are a type of prokaryote
examples of
eukaryotes Bacteria are prokaryotic meaning their cells do not have nuclei or any
other membrane bound organelles
Bacteria is an
example of a The cytoplasm contains one large loop of chromosomal DNA, which
prokaryote controls most of the cell’s activities.
Components of prokaryotes
Flexible cell wall - For protection and support
Cytoplasm - Where the cell's activities occur
Cell membrane - Controls what enters (endocytosis) and leaves
(exocytosis) the cellio
Chromosomal DNA - Contains the instructions for most of the cell’s
activities
Differences of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes don’t - Prokaryotic cells are much smaller (between 100 - 1000 times
have smaller)
membrane-bound - Have a cytoplasm which has no membrane bound organelles
organelles - No nucleus, instead they have a single circular DNA than is
free in the cytoplasm)
- Have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan
- Have plasmids, capsules and flagellum unlike eukaryotic cells
- Their ribosomes are structurally smaller compared to those in
eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell structure
Plasmids - Small loops of DNA that are separate from the main
Plasmids control circular DNA molecule. Plasmids which can be passed between
a few of the cells prokaryotes, for example the gene for antibiotic resistance can be
activities passed as this is not present in all prokaryotes
The slime coat Capsule - Some prokaryotes have an outer layer known as a capsule
protects the cell (also known as the slime capsule). It helps protect bacteria from
drying out and from attack by cells
Flagella provide Flagellum - A long hair-like structure that rotates, enabling
mobility prokaryotes to move, some prokaryotes have more than one of is not
present at all
Summary
