PHI 2000 Introduction to Ethics Final Exam Sophia Course/PHI 2000_Capella-Sophia Ethics Milestones, Latest Fall 2020 Complete Test Bank

1 Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics. Select the example related to social etiquette. · Nathan talks loudly on his cell phone while standing in line at the store. · Anthony follows the flow of traffic, even if he is exceeding the speed limit. · Marcy disapproves of working on Sundays because she was taught it was a day of rest. · Tara installs a wheelchair ramp at her business to meet government regulations. CONCEPT Ethical and Non-Ethical Topics 2 In a famous story, Robin Hood robbed rich travelers and gave the money he acquired to the poor. Robin Hood is usually seen as a good, if not noble, person. How would a deontologist evaluate Robin Hood’s action? · It is ethical because the rich had more than enough money, and the poor did not have enough. · It is ethical because Robin Hood made more people happy than he made unhappy. · It is not ethical because Robin Hood was an arrogant coward who stole from innocent people. · It is not ethical because stealing is always wrong, no matter the circumstances. CONCEPT Sources of Value in Ethical Decisions 3 Which of the following is a deductive argument? · Every time I’ve visited the farmer’s market, I’ve found heirloom tomatoes. So, this week when I go to the farmer’s market, I will find heirloom tomatoes. · It has snowed on my birthday every year since I was born. Therefore, it will snow on my birthday this year. · Traffic is very heavy today. When traffic is heavy, I take the bus to work. I will take the bus to work today. · Helen was seen exiting the alley after a robbery had taken place. It follows that Helen committed the robbery. CONCEPT Deductive and Inductive Inference 4 Which of the following is a key benefit of philosophy? · Philosophy identifies ways we can improve relationships. · Philosophy teaches us about other cultures. · Philosophy helps us understand how people behave. · Philosophy allows us to construct logical arguments. CONCEPT Benefits of Philosophy and Ethics 5 Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument? · Just because there is an objective truth doesn't mean everyone automatically knows it. · If there were no universal ethical truths, it wouldn't be possible for cultures to have moral values at all. · No culture has ever willingly assimilated to another culture's beliefs and norms. · Some cultures subscribe to ethical frameworks like divine command theory rather than conventionalism. CONCEPT Problems with Conventionalism 6 Why is egoism considered a relativist theory of ethics? · Because it maintains that humans are not inherently selfish. · Because it maintains that there are universal truths most people agree on. · Because right and wrong are subject to the individual agent. · Because it maintains that what is good applies to everyone equally. CONCEPT Egoism 7 Which of the following statements about philosophy is true? · Philosophy is a way to answer questions about the physical universe without observation. · Philosophy is concerned with seeking and recognizing knowledge. · Philosophy is quite interesting, despite having little or no application in other fields. · Philosophy is obsolete due to advances in scientific inquiry. CONCEPT Introduction to Philosophy 8 Which of the following statements is true of ethics? · Ethical principles are just personal opinions. · Objectivity is vital to ethical thought. · Ethics is not subject to the same level of rigor as other philosophical pursuits. · Ethical behavior has little to do with interpersonal interaction. CONCEPT Introduction to Philosophical Ethics 9 Choose the true statement about virtue-based ethics. · According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, people can be judged by the consequences of their actions. · According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, actions are less important than the agent's moral character. · According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, actions are judged against the greater good. · According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, only the actor’s intent is considered when assigning moral value. CONCEPT Virtue-Based Ethics 10 Which of the following statements supports egoism? · Ethical standards are easily upheld when they benefit others. · The rule of law motivates actions for individuals. · A society is more just if it enforces laws for the benefit of everyone. · A flourishing society requires flourishing individuals. CONCEPT Support for Egoism 11 Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true? · Divine command theory states that what is religious is inherently good and what isn't is bad. · Divine command theory states that the ends justify the means. · Divine command theory is a basic principle of all religions. · Divine command theory states that right is right only because God says so. CONCEPT Divine Command Theory 12 Renae has three brothers. Over the course of a weekend, she observed them in different situations with the new neighbors. Her oldest brother, Nick, stepped in front of her when the neighbors’ large dog got loose and started running toward her. Her middle brother, Joe, loudly threatened the neighbors as to what would happen if they did not keep their dog chained up. Her younger brother, Scott, retreated into the house when all the shouting occurred. How might a virtue-based ethicist evaluate Nick’s action? · The action revealed that Nick has the vice of aggressiveness. · The action revealed that Nick has the virtue of courage. · The action revealed that Nick acted without thinking. · The action did not reveal a positive or negative trait. CONCEPT Advantages and Shortcomings of Virtue-Based Ethics 13 Which of the following people would be most satisfied with virtue-based ethics? · Winifred is looking for an ethical system that is based in the Ten Commandments. · Wendy is looking for an ethical framework that allows her to focus on what kind of person she is. · Wycliffe is looking for an ethical framework that evaluates actions based solely on intent. · Walt is looking for an ethical system that respects cultural differences. CONCEPT Support for Virtue-Based Ethics 14 According to Kantian deontology, which of the following would make an act impermissible? · My intention is bad. · The act is illegal. · There is a negative outcome. · My own needs are not met. CONCEPT Commitments of Kantian Deontology 15