HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE
Evolution of AIDS & Cancer
• Cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), & acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) challenges nutritional status as
characterized by wasting and malnutrition.
• Attributable to the disease or secondary to treatment.
Mostnew cases in the U.S. related to:
• Homosexual activity in men
• Drug users
• Minorities
• 97% of cases are found in low- & middle-income countries
• Limited-resource countries
Other infectious diseases
Food insecurity
Social & political problems
• Related to homosexual activity in the U.S.
• Most transmission worldwide is heterosexual
• More than ½ of victims are women
Children develop the disease
Cross the placenta during pregnancy
During delivery
Through breast milk
Transmission
Bloodborne virus
Direct contact with infected body fluids via:
Unprotected heterosexual or homosexual intercourse
IV needle sharing
Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, delivery, and
breastfeeding
Decreasing incidence in several countries-Due to prevention efforts
CDC & WHO classification systems
• 4 clinical stages based on CD4 cell counts & clinical conditions-Clinical
conditions for stages 2, 3, & 4
3 major phases
HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE 1
, HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE
1. Acute infection
2. Asymptomatic & latency
3. AIDShttp://www.cdc.gov/HIV/topics/surveillance/basic.htm#HIVaidsage
Global Perspective
• Worldwide 50+ million people are infected with HIV/AIDS
95% of people infected live in developing countries
TX allow pts. to live longer & have an increased quality of life
o New complications may arise
o TX will continue to require highly involved healthcare professionals
HIV creates generalized immune deficiency
• Vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
U S Public Health Service Responsibilities- U.S. CDC
• Constant worldwide knowledge exchange.
• Conduct accurate & comprehensive aids surveillance in U.S..
CDC Surveillance
• Early classification guidelines for medical teams caring for
HIV-infected pts.
• Evolution of the HIV epidemic among demographic groups.
• Developed a coordinated pretest & posttest counseling
component.
Education & Prevention
National health promotion & disease prevention objectives
Wide community involvement in the community-based
process of developing any health promotion or disease
prevention program.
• Mobilizing of community leadership & resources.
Acute Infection Stage
• Retrovirus: Carries genetic information as RNA instead of DNA.
• Viral enzyme (reverse transcriptase) changes RNA into DNA.
• New DNA is inserted into infected cell’s genetic material by enzyme integrase.
• When new DNA is activated, viral information is translated, cell dies &
HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE 2
, HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE
sheds infectious HIV particles (virions).
• May remain dormant for many years.
• Usu. last 3-6 weeks after primary
infection Varying nonspecific
symptoms
Process of developing antibodies to HIV is seroconversion.
ELISA tests for HIV are then positive
Asymptomatic Stage (Latency)
• Extended asymptomatic period of 10-12 yrs.
• Antibodies typically appear within 4-7 weeks with infected blood products-[6-
14 mo. with sexual transmission]
Window period: phase between infection & manifestation of antibody
• Viral replication continues cellular destruction in many tissues
& organs. CD4 cell count dec. slowly.
Final stage of a condition which is caused by virus called human
immunodeficiency virus or HIV http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=P91nIGt1axs&feature=channel
Allows microorganisms in the body which would normally be fought off in a
person with a normal, functioning immune system.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68I7JlVhuhY
CDC has identified a list of conditions called opportunistic infections which
affect people who are infected with HIV.
Once a HIV-positive person contracts 1 of these opportunistic infections, they
have AIDS.
Final Stage- HIV
Immune deficiency & failure
CD4 cell count is <200 cells/μL
Opportunistic infections & AIDS-defining conditions.
HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE 3
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE
Evolution of AIDS & Cancer
• Cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), & acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) challenges nutritional status as
characterized by wasting and malnutrition.
• Attributable to the disease or secondary to treatment.
Mostnew cases in the U.S. related to:
• Homosexual activity in men
• Drug users
• Minorities
• 97% of cases are found in low- & middle-income countries
• Limited-resource countries
Other infectious diseases
Food insecurity
Social & political problems
• Related to homosexual activity in the U.S.
• Most transmission worldwide is heterosexual
• More than ½ of victims are women
Children develop the disease
Cross the placenta during pregnancy
During delivery
Through breast milk
Transmission
Bloodborne virus
Direct contact with infected body fluids via:
Unprotected heterosexual or homosexual intercourse
IV needle sharing
Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, delivery, and
breastfeeding
Decreasing incidence in several countries-Due to prevention efforts
CDC & WHO classification systems
• 4 clinical stages based on CD4 cell counts & clinical conditions-Clinical
conditions for stages 2, 3, & 4
3 major phases
HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE 1
, HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE
1. Acute infection
2. Asymptomatic & latency
3. AIDShttp://www.cdc.gov/HIV/topics/surveillance/basic.htm#HIVaidsage
Global Perspective
• Worldwide 50+ million people are infected with HIV/AIDS
95% of people infected live in developing countries
TX allow pts. to live longer & have an increased quality of life
o New complications may arise
o TX will continue to require highly involved healthcare professionals
HIV creates generalized immune deficiency
• Vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
U S Public Health Service Responsibilities- U.S. CDC
• Constant worldwide knowledge exchange.
• Conduct accurate & comprehensive aids surveillance in U.S..
CDC Surveillance
• Early classification guidelines for medical teams caring for
HIV-infected pts.
• Evolution of the HIV epidemic among demographic groups.
• Developed a coordinated pretest & posttest counseling
component.
Education & Prevention
National health promotion & disease prevention objectives
Wide community involvement in the community-based
process of developing any health promotion or disease
prevention program.
• Mobilizing of community leadership & resources.
Acute Infection Stage
• Retrovirus: Carries genetic information as RNA instead of DNA.
• Viral enzyme (reverse transcriptase) changes RNA into DNA.
• New DNA is inserted into infected cell’s genetic material by enzyme integrase.
• When new DNA is activated, viral information is translated, cell dies &
HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE 2
, HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE
sheds infectious HIV particles (virions).
• May remain dormant for many years.
• Usu. last 3-6 weeks after primary
infection Varying nonspecific
symptoms
Process of developing antibodies to HIV is seroconversion.
ELISA tests for HIV are then positive
Asymptomatic Stage (Latency)
• Extended asymptomatic period of 10-12 yrs.
• Antibodies typically appear within 4-7 weeks with infected blood products-[6-
14 mo. with sexual transmission]
Window period: phase between infection & manifestation of antibody
• Viral replication continues cellular destruction in many tissues
& organs. CD4 cell count dec. slowly.
Final stage of a condition which is caused by virus called human
immunodeficiency virus or HIV http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=P91nIGt1axs&feature=channel
Allows microorganisms in the body which would normally be fought off in a
person with a normal, functioning immune system.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68I7JlVhuhY
CDC has identified a list of conditions called opportunistic infections which
affect people who are infected with HIV.
Once a HIV-positive person contracts 1 of these opportunistic infections, they
have AIDS.
Final Stage- HIV
Immune deficiency & failure
CD4 cell count is <200 cells/μL
Opportunistic infections & AIDS-defining conditions.
HUN 1201 – AIDS ch 24 Nutrition Lecture Notes
Indian River State College UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE 3
