.
General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Assignment 02 – Artificial Organs
Student Name : RADV Sanuththara Ranasinghe
Service/Index Number : D/ENG/18/0094
Instructed by : Mr.KG Samarawickrama
Stream/Intake : BM/Intake 35
Module Code/ Name : Prosthetic Design
Date of submission : 02/07/2021
1
, Closed-loop glucose control system
A closed-loop control system, or artificial pancreas (AP), is designed to automate insulin infusion aiming
at more time in target range while reducing both time spent in hypo- and hyperglycemia and decreasing the
disease burden[1]..Figure 01 [2]shows how closed loop control system works, where the sensor senses the
glucose concentration in the patient and sends a signal to the control algorithm. The algorithm compares
the sensor reading with the reference. According to the comparison a decision is taken, if the glucose
concentration is higher than the threshold the insulin pump is stimulated to inject insulin.
Figure 1 : Closed loop glucose control
There are several factors which affect the closed loop glucose control[3]
1. Slow Insulin Absorption
Insulin analogue with the smallest time to reach the peak is termed as “rapid acting” insulin some examples
of them include insulin aspart, lispro. However, this usually takes about 50–90 min for the stimulated
response of insulin concentration after the administration of insulin bolus subcutaneously to the patient’s
body. This delay is because insulin need to get transported to the plasma and reach a peak value. Not only
that, the time it takes for the insulin to become in effect is around 80-120min as shown in figure 02[4],
which include time for insulin to get absorbed by tissues and cause action. Therefore, this is major drawback
in physiological conditions and activities requiring steady control of blood glucose level. This effect can
largely deviate these artificial control systems from the physiological homeostasis.
2
General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Assignment 02 – Artificial Organs
Student Name : RADV Sanuththara Ranasinghe
Service/Index Number : D/ENG/18/0094
Instructed by : Mr.KG Samarawickrama
Stream/Intake : BM/Intake 35
Module Code/ Name : Prosthetic Design
Date of submission : 02/07/2021
1
, Closed-loop glucose control system
A closed-loop control system, or artificial pancreas (AP), is designed to automate insulin infusion aiming
at more time in target range while reducing both time spent in hypo- and hyperglycemia and decreasing the
disease burden[1]..Figure 01 [2]shows how closed loop control system works, where the sensor senses the
glucose concentration in the patient and sends a signal to the control algorithm. The algorithm compares
the sensor reading with the reference. According to the comparison a decision is taken, if the glucose
concentration is higher than the threshold the insulin pump is stimulated to inject insulin.
Figure 1 : Closed loop glucose control
There are several factors which affect the closed loop glucose control[3]
1. Slow Insulin Absorption
Insulin analogue with the smallest time to reach the peak is termed as “rapid acting” insulin some examples
of them include insulin aspart, lispro. However, this usually takes about 50–90 min for the stimulated
response of insulin concentration after the administration of insulin bolus subcutaneously to the patient’s
body. This delay is because insulin need to get transported to the plasma and reach a peak value. Not only
that, the time it takes for the insulin to become in effect is around 80-120min as shown in figure 02[4],
which include time for insulin to get absorbed by tissues and cause action. Therefore, this is major drawback
in physiological conditions and activities requiring steady control of blood glucose level. This effect can
largely deviate these artificial control systems from the physiological homeostasis.
2
