ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS MILESTONE 2. LATEST 2021
22 questions were answered correctly.
3 questions were answered incorrectly.
1
Heraclitus went further than his predecessors by considering reality from an
entirely human point of view.
He claimed that there is one true reality, which he called .
•
Ethos
•
the Doctrine of Flux
•
the Unity of Opposites
•
Logos
RATIONALE
Heraclitus believed in one true reality which he named the Logos, a Greek
word that can be translated as “account.” Heraclitus believed that the Logos
organizes and serves as the basis of all things.
CONCEPT
Heraclitus and the Doctrine of Impermanence
2
Philosophy pursues by using logic, reasoning, and critical
thinking.
•
wisdom
•
science
•
reality
, •
opinion
RATIONALE
Philosophy is a field of study that pursues wisdom, as evidenced by the root
words of its name. "Philosophy" comes from two Greek words, philos
(meaning "love") and sophia (meaning "wisdom"). Science, reality, and
opinion are topics that philosophers investigate, but they are not the ultimate
goal of philosophy.
CONCEPT
What is Philosophy?
3
Plato believed that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge
of .
•
oneself
•
the Forms
•
Platonic Heaven
•
metaphysics
RATIONALE
Plato believed that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge of Forms.
Forms
are the "essences" that make an object what it truly is. For example, we can
know that a good thing is good because we know the Form of Goodness and
see that the thing in question imitates it.
CONCEPT
Plato's Forms: The Objects of Knowledge
4
Choose the FALSE statement about the Apology.
•
Socrates was charged with denying the gods and corrupting the youth of Athens.
•
, Socrates demonstrated that he was determined to live — and die —
according to his philosophy.
•
Socrates claimed that if he had harmed others, it was unintentional
and he regretted it.
•
Observing that death was either something or nothing, Socrates
argued it was not to be feared.
RATIONALE
The Apology is Plato's transcription of the defense Socrates presented at his
trial on charges of "denying the gods" and "corrupting the youth of Athens."
In response to the second charge, Socrates does not state that if he harmed
others, it was unintentional and he regretted it. Rather, he argues that he
did not corrupt the youth of Athens.
Additionally, he states that even if he had corrupted the youth
unintentionally, he would not have committed a crime by doing so.
CONCEPT
The Apology: A Defense of Philosophy
5
All of the statements are central themes of Parmenidean
metaphysics, EXCEPT:
•
The world we sense is genuine.
•
The Parmenidean worldview contradicts the world we are familiar with.
•
The opinions of mortal men are universally unreliable.
•
The universe is one, unchanging entity.
RATIONALE
Parmenidean metaphysics establishes a division between the mortal world
(i.e., the world of the senses) and reality. Reality is "what is;" it is eternal
and unchanging.
The world of the senses is "what is not," a transient and illusory world of
change. Therefore, Parmenides would not say that the world we sense is
genuine. All of the other statements accurately represent Parmenidean
metaphysics.
22 questions were answered correctly.
3 questions were answered incorrectly.
1
Heraclitus went further than his predecessors by considering reality from an
entirely human point of view.
He claimed that there is one true reality, which he called .
•
Ethos
•
the Doctrine of Flux
•
the Unity of Opposites
•
Logos
RATIONALE
Heraclitus believed in one true reality which he named the Logos, a Greek
word that can be translated as “account.” Heraclitus believed that the Logos
organizes and serves as the basis of all things.
CONCEPT
Heraclitus and the Doctrine of Impermanence
2
Philosophy pursues by using logic, reasoning, and critical
thinking.
•
wisdom
•
science
•
reality
, •
opinion
RATIONALE
Philosophy is a field of study that pursues wisdom, as evidenced by the root
words of its name. "Philosophy" comes from two Greek words, philos
(meaning "love") and sophia (meaning "wisdom"). Science, reality, and
opinion are topics that philosophers investigate, but they are not the ultimate
goal of philosophy.
CONCEPT
What is Philosophy?
3
Plato believed that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge
of .
•
oneself
•
the Forms
•
Platonic Heaven
•
metaphysics
RATIONALE
Plato believed that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge of Forms.
Forms
are the "essences" that make an object what it truly is. For example, we can
know that a good thing is good because we know the Form of Goodness and
see that the thing in question imitates it.
CONCEPT
Plato's Forms: The Objects of Knowledge
4
Choose the FALSE statement about the Apology.
•
Socrates was charged with denying the gods and corrupting the youth of Athens.
•
, Socrates demonstrated that he was determined to live — and die —
according to his philosophy.
•
Socrates claimed that if he had harmed others, it was unintentional
and he regretted it.
•
Observing that death was either something or nothing, Socrates
argued it was not to be feared.
RATIONALE
The Apology is Plato's transcription of the defense Socrates presented at his
trial on charges of "denying the gods" and "corrupting the youth of Athens."
In response to the second charge, Socrates does not state that if he harmed
others, it was unintentional and he regretted it. Rather, he argues that he
did not corrupt the youth of Athens.
Additionally, he states that even if he had corrupted the youth
unintentionally, he would not have committed a crime by doing so.
CONCEPT
The Apology: A Defense of Philosophy
5
All of the statements are central themes of Parmenidean
metaphysics, EXCEPT:
•
The world we sense is genuine.
•
The Parmenidean worldview contradicts the world we are familiar with.
•
The opinions of mortal men are universally unreliable.
•
The universe is one, unchanging entity.
RATIONALE
Parmenidean metaphysics establishes a division between the mortal world
(i.e., the world of the senses) and reality. Reality is "what is;" it is eternal
and unchanging.
The world of the senses is "what is not," a transient and illusory world of
change. Therefore, Parmenides would not say that the world we sense is
genuine. All of the other statements accurately represent Parmenidean
metaphysics.
