Behavioral Sciences NBME With Complete Test

Classical Conditioning corrrect answer: learning in which a natural response (e.g., salivation) is elicited by a conditioned stimulus (e.g., bell) that previously was presented in conjunction with an unconditioned stimulus (e.g., food) - typically deals with INVOLUNTARY responses Operant Conditioning corrrect answer: learning in which a particular action is elicited b/c it produces a punishment or reward - typically deals with VOLUNTARY responses Reinforcement corrrect answer: target behavior (response) is followed by a desired reward (i.e., positive reinforcement) or removal of aversive stimulus (i.e., negative reinforcement) - part of operant conditioning Extinction corrrect answer: discontinuation of reinforcement (positive or negative) eventually eliminates behavior - can occur in operant or classical conditioning Punishment corrrect answer: repeated application of aversive stimulus (i.e., positive punishment) or removal of desired reward (i.e., negative punishment) to extinguish unwanted behavior