FTCE Humanities K-12
"The Waste Land" by T.S. Elliot
This 1922 poem based loosely on the Legend of the Holy Grail and the Fisher King
focuses on themes of disillusionment, absurdity and despair.
Allen Ginsberg
A leading member of the Beat movement whose writings featured existential mania for
intense experience and frantic motion. Also, a big opposer of the US perpetuating war.
Louis Sullivan
United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the
phrase 'form follows function' (1856-1924). "Father of Skyscrapers."
Frank Lloyd Wright
Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should
blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.
Thomas More Utopia
English humanist (Renaissance Philosopher) most famous for his controversial book
about a fictional humanistic society where all children received a good education in the
classics and adults divided their time between virtuous business and intellectual
pursuits.
Divine Comedy
Medieval work by Dante Alighieri, describes soul's progression into heaven.
Tonalism
19th C art, use of different gradations of monochromatic colors that was later eclipsed
by Impressionism (Whistler, Innes).
Ishtar
goddess of love and war; mistress of ancient Babylon
Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Wall
Mesopotamia, Neo-Babylonian, Babylon, Glazed Brick
Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence influenced by Empiricism and Enlightenment;
separation of church and state
Athena/Minerva
goddess of wisdom, the city, and arts; patron goddess of the city of Athens. Born from
the head of Zeus in full battle gear.
Pantheon
A group of gods; a group of people so accomplished in a skill or field that they seem like
gods.
Hegelian Dialectic
a thesis that is opposed by an antithesis, ultimately resulting in a synthesis
Hegel and Kant
two famous 18th C relativist; studied sense perception
Zeus/Jupiter
"Father of Gods and Men" He ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus. He is the god of
sky and thunder.
Adam Smith
18th C Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern
Capitalism.
,Tuscan Order
Renaissance architecture featuring slender, smooth columns that sit on simple bases;
no carvings on the frieze or in the capitals
Composite Order
Renaissance combination of Ionic and Corinthian orders, capital combines acanthus
leaves with volute scrolls
Gaea
goddess of the earth in ancient Greek mythology
Montiesquieu
"Defined structures of government" theory helped US Founding Fathers distinguish the
notions of monarchy, republic and despotism
Talcott Parsons (1902-1979)
His social action theory viewed choices as things made based on cultural values and
social structures, not by psychological processes
Sleeping Beauty
Tchaikovsky ballet of 1890 adapted from 1697 Charles Perrault fairy tale.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
French philosopher that argued for dualism between mind and body: "I think, therefore, I
am."
Dualism
mind and body are separate (Descartes)
Apollo
god of music, poetry, prophecy, and medicine
Maslow
Humanist psychologist who developed a pyramid representing heirarchy of human
needs. "Self-actualization"
Principa Mathematica (1687)
Included Newton's three laws of motion that laid the framework for modern physics
Klimt
Art Nouveau "The Kiss"
Art Nouveau
a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the
US from about 1890 until World War I and characterized by intricate linear designs and
flowing curves based on natural forms.
Art Deco
Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to
upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into
decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by
streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design.
Byzantine Art
The eastern part of the Roman Empire that remained after the fall of Rome. Art focuses
on Spiritual not naturalism.
Romanesque style
architectural style of medieval Europe, characterized by semi-circular arches, massive
quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers, decorative
arcading. Crossed England from France.
, Gothic Architecture
Architecture of the twelfth-century Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying
buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches
Hestia/Vesta
Goddess of hearth and home. Eldest sister of Zeus.
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)
he was the most influential economic critic of the Treaty of Versailles. He'd taken part in
the peace conference but resigned in disgust when he saw the direction it was taking.
His book "The Economic Consequences of the Peace" was a scathing attack, especially
on reparations and the other economic aspects of the peace. He argued that the Treaty
was immoral and unworkable and that such a peace would bring economic ruin and war
to Europe unless it was repudiated.
17th Amendment (1913)
Direct election of senators
Baroque Period
the stylistic period between approximately 1600 and 1750 began with opera invention
died with Bach
chromatic scale
makes use of all twelve pitches, equally divided, within the octave
diatonic scale
consists of seven whole and half steps whose patterns form major and minor scales
Nefertiti
queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC); religious revolution resulting
in monotheism
Akhenaten
early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with Aten, the sun
god.
Voltaire (1694-1778)
championed the enlightened principles of reason, progress, toleration, and individual
liberty; contributed massively to french enlightenment
French Enlightenment
Philosophical movement that sought to improve society through reason and science;
formally began in 1685
Tenuto
Hold the note for its full value
Cubism
An Artistic movement that focused on geometric shapes, complex lines, and
overlapping planes.
crescendo
steadily increasing in volume or force
Georgia O'Keeffe
a founder of American modernism who focused on unrealistic representation while
recognizing the self
Humanism (Renaissance)
believed that the Greek and Latin classics contained both all the lessons one needed to
lead a moral and effective life
"The Waste Land" by T.S. Elliot
This 1922 poem based loosely on the Legend of the Holy Grail and the Fisher King
focuses on themes of disillusionment, absurdity and despair.
Allen Ginsberg
A leading member of the Beat movement whose writings featured existential mania for
intense experience and frantic motion. Also, a big opposer of the US perpetuating war.
Louis Sullivan
United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the
phrase 'form follows function' (1856-1924). "Father of Skyscrapers."
Frank Lloyd Wright
Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should
blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.
Thomas More Utopia
English humanist (Renaissance Philosopher) most famous for his controversial book
about a fictional humanistic society where all children received a good education in the
classics and adults divided their time between virtuous business and intellectual
pursuits.
Divine Comedy
Medieval work by Dante Alighieri, describes soul's progression into heaven.
Tonalism
19th C art, use of different gradations of monochromatic colors that was later eclipsed
by Impressionism (Whistler, Innes).
Ishtar
goddess of love and war; mistress of ancient Babylon
Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Wall
Mesopotamia, Neo-Babylonian, Babylon, Glazed Brick
Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence influenced by Empiricism and Enlightenment;
separation of church and state
Athena/Minerva
goddess of wisdom, the city, and arts; patron goddess of the city of Athens. Born from
the head of Zeus in full battle gear.
Pantheon
A group of gods; a group of people so accomplished in a skill or field that they seem like
gods.
Hegelian Dialectic
a thesis that is opposed by an antithesis, ultimately resulting in a synthesis
Hegel and Kant
two famous 18th C relativist; studied sense perception
Zeus/Jupiter
"Father of Gods and Men" He ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus. He is the god of
sky and thunder.
Adam Smith
18th C Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern
Capitalism.
,Tuscan Order
Renaissance architecture featuring slender, smooth columns that sit on simple bases;
no carvings on the frieze or in the capitals
Composite Order
Renaissance combination of Ionic and Corinthian orders, capital combines acanthus
leaves with volute scrolls
Gaea
goddess of the earth in ancient Greek mythology
Montiesquieu
"Defined structures of government" theory helped US Founding Fathers distinguish the
notions of monarchy, republic and despotism
Talcott Parsons (1902-1979)
His social action theory viewed choices as things made based on cultural values and
social structures, not by psychological processes
Sleeping Beauty
Tchaikovsky ballet of 1890 adapted from 1697 Charles Perrault fairy tale.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
French philosopher that argued for dualism between mind and body: "I think, therefore, I
am."
Dualism
mind and body are separate (Descartes)
Apollo
god of music, poetry, prophecy, and medicine
Maslow
Humanist psychologist who developed a pyramid representing heirarchy of human
needs. "Self-actualization"
Principa Mathematica (1687)
Included Newton's three laws of motion that laid the framework for modern physics
Klimt
Art Nouveau "The Kiss"
Art Nouveau
a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the
US from about 1890 until World War I and characterized by intricate linear designs and
flowing curves based on natural forms.
Art Deco
Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to
upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into
decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by
streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design.
Byzantine Art
The eastern part of the Roman Empire that remained after the fall of Rome. Art focuses
on Spiritual not naturalism.
Romanesque style
architectural style of medieval Europe, characterized by semi-circular arches, massive
quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers, decorative
arcading. Crossed England from France.
, Gothic Architecture
Architecture of the twelfth-century Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying
buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches
Hestia/Vesta
Goddess of hearth and home. Eldest sister of Zeus.
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)
he was the most influential economic critic of the Treaty of Versailles. He'd taken part in
the peace conference but resigned in disgust when he saw the direction it was taking.
His book "The Economic Consequences of the Peace" was a scathing attack, especially
on reparations and the other economic aspects of the peace. He argued that the Treaty
was immoral and unworkable and that such a peace would bring economic ruin and war
to Europe unless it was repudiated.
17th Amendment (1913)
Direct election of senators
Baroque Period
the stylistic period between approximately 1600 and 1750 began with opera invention
died with Bach
chromatic scale
makes use of all twelve pitches, equally divided, within the octave
diatonic scale
consists of seven whole and half steps whose patterns form major and minor scales
Nefertiti
queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC); religious revolution resulting
in monotheism
Akhenaten
early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with Aten, the sun
god.
Voltaire (1694-1778)
championed the enlightened principles of reason, progress, toleration, and individual
liberty; contributed massively to french enlightenment
French Enlightenment
Philosophical movement that sought to improve society through reason and science;
formally began in 1685
Tenuto
Hold the note for its full value
Cubism
An Artistic movement that focused on geometric shapes, complex lines, and
overlapping planes.
crescendo
steadily increasing in volume or force
Georgia O'Keeffe
a founder of American modernism who focused on unrealistic representation while
recognizing the self
Humanism (Renaissance)
believed that the Greek and Latin classics contained both all the lessons one needed to
lead a moral and effective life
