CDIS-410 Midterm Exam (Weeks 1-6) Complete Solution
Chronological Age
measured in UNITS OF TIME (i.e. Years) = their ACTUAL AGE
Biological Age
1. Where people stand relative to the # OF YEARS THEY WILL LIVE
-Example = 65 when expected to die @ 70 years vs. 65 when expected to die @ 90
years
2. Age of body's ORGAN SYSTEMS & PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Functional Age
1. COMPETENCE in carrying out specific tasks
-Examples = Walking, Driving, Sports
2. Measure of a person's ability to function effectively in his or her physical and social
environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age
Psychological Age
how well a person ADAPTS to changing conditions (mymentalage.com)
Social Age
VIEWS held by most members of a society about what individuals in a particular
Chronological Age group SHOULD DO and HOW THEY SHOULD BEHAVE
-Examples = Marriage, Children, Career
Life Expectancy
- AVERAGE # OF YEARS that individuals in a particular birth cohort can be
EXPECTED TO LIVE
-DOESN'T consider HOW LONG individual members will live
- Life Expectancy as of 2020:
Males = 76
Females = 81
-INCREASE or DECREASE due to Drugs/Alcohol
-Can be based on LOCATION of where you LIVE (i.e. Country, City, etc.)
Life Span
MAXIMUM LONGEVITY/LENGTH OF LIFE
-Extreme UPPER LIMIT OF TIME that a species can live (i.e. Currently 120 years)
Need For Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
- Textbook/School Information can be OUTDATED
- New KNOWLEDGE, TECHNOLOGIES & INTERVENTIONS
- Knowledge Explosion makes it IMPOSSIBLE to "KEEP UP": too much information
ONLINE
-EBP leads:
-IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES, REDUCED COSTS, HIGHER QUALITY CARE,
GREATER PROVIDER SATISFACTION (Melnyk, 2010)
- 28% better patient outcomes with BEST & LATEST EVIDENCE (Heater, 1988)
- Patients should receive case based on the BEST AVAILABLE SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE (IOM, 2001)
Components For EBP
, -EBP is the integration of:
1. Clinical Expertise
2. Expert Opinion
3. Knowledge
4. Judgement
5. Critical Reasoning
*All 5 acquired through TRAINING & PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
-Components:
1. Clinical Experience
2. Scientific Evidence
3. Patient Values
-The best available evidence gathered from the SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE (External
Evidence) and from DATA & OBSERVATIONS collected on the individual client
(Internal Evidence)
-CLIENT, PATIENT, CAREGIVER PERSPECTIVES
PERSONAL & CULTURAL CIRCUMSTANCES, VALUES, PRIORITIES &
EXPECTATION identified by client & their family
-How To "Best Available Research":
1. Define The Question
2. Find The Evidence
3. Assess The Evidence
4. Make The Decision/Conclusion
What PICO Stands For
P = Population, Patient, Problem
*Who Are The Patients?
*What Is The Problem?
I = Intervention or Exposure
*What Do We Do To Them?
*What Are They Exposed To?
C = Comparison
*What Do We Compare The Intervention With?
O = Outcome
*What Happens?
*What Is The Outcome?
Neurotransmitters
- Definition: The CHEMICAL component of ELECTROCHEMICAL CONDUCTION
-Approximately 40-50 substances are NEUROTRANSMITTERS
-Released in the AXON TERMINAL@ the SYNAPSE
-Detected by RECEPTORS on the ADJACENT Neuron
-Function: They assist in the regulation of the BRAIN's ability to...
Chronological Age
measured in UNITS OF TIME (i.e. Years) = their ACTUAL AGE
Biological Age
1. Where people stand relative to the # OF YEARS THEY WILL LIVE
-Example = 65 when expected to die @ 70 years vs. 65 when expected to die @ 90
years
2. Age of body's ORGAN SYSTEMS & PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Functional Age
1. COMPETENCE in carrying out specific tasks
-Examples = Walking, Driving, Sports
2. Measure of a person's ability to function effectively in his or her physical and social
environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age
Psychological Age
how well a person ADAPTS to changing conditions (mymentalage.com)
Social Age
VIEWS held by most members of a society about what individuals in a particular
Chronological Age group SHOULD DO and HOW THEY SHOULD BEHAVE
-Examples = Marriage, Children, Career
Life Expectancy
- AVERAGE # OF YEARS that individuals in a particular birth cohort can be
EXPECTED TO LIVE
-DOESN'T consider HOW LONG individual members will live
- Life Expectancy as of 2020:
Males = 76
Females = 81
-INCREASE or DECREASE due to Drugs/Alcohol
-Can be based on LOCATION of where you LIVE (i.e. Country, City, etc.)
Life Span
MAXIMUM LONGEVITY/LENGTH OF LIFE
-Extreme UPPER LIMIT OF TIME that a species can live (i.e. Currently 120 years)
Need For Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
- Textbook/School Information can be OUTDATED
- New KNOWLEDGE, TECHNOLOGIES & INTERVENTIONS
- Knowledge Explosion makes it IMPOSSIBLE to "KEEP UP": too much information
ONLINE
-EBP leads:
-IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES, REDUCED COSTS, HIGHER QUALITY CARE,
GREATER PROVIDER SATISFACTION (Melnyk, 2010)
- 28% better patient outcomes with BEST & LATEST EVIDENCE (Heater, 1988)
- Patients should receive case based on the BEST AVAILABLE SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE (IOM, 2001)
Components For EBP
, -EBP is the integration of:
1. Clinical Expertise
2. Expert Opinion
3. Knowledge
4. Judgement
5. Critical Reasoning
*All 5 acquired through TRAINING & PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
-Components:
1. Clinical Experience
2. Scientific Evidence
3. Patient Values
-The best available evidence gathered from the SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE (External
Evidence) and from DATA & OBSERVATIONS collected on the individual client
(Internal Evidence)
-CLIENT, PATIENT, CAREGIVER PERSPECTIVES
PERSONAL & CULTURAL CIRCUMSTANCES, VALUES, PRIORITIES &
EXPECTATION identified by client & their family
-How To "Best Available Research":
1. Define The Question
2. Find The Evidence
3. Assess The Evidence
4. Make The Decision/Conclusion
What PICO Stands For
P = Population, Patient, Problem
*Who Are The Patients?
*What Is The Problem?
I = Intervention or Exposure
*What Do We Do To Them?
*What Are They Exposed To?
C = Comparison
*What Do We Compare The Intervention With?
O = Outcome
*What Happens?
*What Is The Outcome?
Neurotransmitters
- Definition: The CHEMICAL component of ELECTROCHEMICAL CONDUCTION
-Approximately 40-50 substances are NEUROTRANSMITTERS
-Released in the AXON TERMINAL@ the SYNAPSE
-Detected by RECEPTORS on the ADJACENT Neuron
-Function: They assist in the regulation of the BRAIN's ability to...
