VATI Med Surge assesment Questions
and Answers 2022/2023
A nurse is caring for a client who has atopic dermatitis and a prescription for
triamcinolone ointment. The nurse should assess the client to monitor for which
of the following adverse effects?
Thinning of the skin.
Only apply the ointment to dry patches of the skin to avoid atrophy.
Topical Glucocorticoids Side effects
Tiamcinolone
- Hypopigmentation
- Excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis)
- Thinning of the skin
A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of left-sided heart
failure?
Frothy sputum
Pink-tinged frothy sputum can be an early indication of pulmonary edema and can be
life-threatening. Therefore, the nurse should notify the provider immediately.
Left Sided Heart Failure
- Frothy sputum
- Dyspnea
- Wheezing
Treatment:
Fluid restriction & diuretics to decrease preload & pulmonary congestion
Right heart sided failure
- Dependent edma
- Jugular distention
- Weight gain
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anxiety as well as numbness
and tingling of the lips and fingers.
The client's ABGs are: pH 7.48, PCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm
Hg. Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify that
the client is experiencing?
Respiratory alkalosis
- The pH is alkaline (increased)
- PCO2 is decreased representing alveolar hyperventilation & resultant respiratory
alkalosis
A nurse is assessing a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
,Osteoporosis
Bone become thinner as a result of mineral loss & nitrogen depletion.
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client who has basal cell carcinoma. The nurse
should identify which of the following lesion characteristics on the client's skin?
A pearly, waxy nodule.
- Basal cell carcinoma has a nodular lesion with well defined borders & pearly or waxy
appearance resulting from overexposure to the sun. especially on the face, head, and
neck.
-A client who has melanoma has a lesion with irregular borders and variegated colors of
red, white, and blue, most often on the upper back or lower legs.
-A client who has squamous cell carcinoma has a firm, nodular, and crusty lesion with a
ulcerated center, resulting from sun exposure, chronic irritation, burns, or irradiation to
the skin.
Melanoma
Irregular border and varigated colored lesions of red, white, blue.
- Most often on the upper back or lower legs
Squamous cell carcinoma
Firm, nodular, and crusty lesion with an ulcerated center from sun exposure, chronic
irritation, burns, or irradiation to the skin.
weeping vescile
Herpes Zoster
- Weeping, blister type lesions.
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is overusing
prescribed diuretics and has a sodium level of 127 mEq/L. Which of the following
laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
LOW URINE SPECFIC GRAVITY.
-A client who has hyponatremia as a result of diuretic overuse has a low urine specific
gravity. The increased excretion of water alters the ratio of particulate matter, which
affects the specific gravity.
Hyponatremia
- Low specific gravity
- Elevated hemoglobin
A home health nurse is assisting a client with planning care for a family member
who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following instructions should the
nurse include?
Remove clutter from rooms and hallways
- This allows the client is able to walk without the risk of falling or tripping over objects.
Later in the disease, the client can experience seizures, so cluttered areas could be a
risk to the client
Alzheimer's interventions
- Single date calender
- Redirect the client by starting another activity
, - Use short, simple senteces when explaining an activity
- Explanation should be done immediately before an activity
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a
manifestation of this syndrome?
REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA
- A client who has ARDS has refractory hypoxemia, which is hypoxemia that does not
improve with oxygen therapy. Extensive pulmonary edema evident on a chest x-ray is a
manifestation of ARDS.
Pulmonary embolism
- Pleural friction rub
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
- Dyspnea
- Sudden, sharp chest pain
Tension pneumothorax
- Trachial deviation
- Dyspnea
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Decreased or absent breath sounds over area
Lung cancer
Hemoptysis
Bloody expectorant when coughing
An emergency room nurse is assessing a client who has asthma and difficulty
breathing. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the
client is experiencing status asthmaticus?
USE OF ASSCESSORY MUSCLES.
- A client who has status asthmaticus uses accessory muscles to help facilitate
breathing, which is a manifestation of a severe airflow obstruction. The situation is life-
threatening and the nurse should intervene immediately with strong systemic
bronchodilators, epinephrine, corticosteroids, and oxygen.
status asthmaticus
- Labored breathing & wheezing
- Distended neck veins
- Use of accessory muscle
- Bronchodilators
- Epinephrine
- Corticosteroids
- Oxygen
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for PHENYTOIN to treat a
seizure disorder. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct
the client to report IMMEDIATELY to the provider?
and Answers 2022/2023
A nurse is caring for a client who has atopic dermatitis and a prescription for
triamcinolone ointment. The nurse should assess the client to monitor for which
of the following adverse effects?
Thinning of the skin.
Only apply the ointment to dry patches of the skin to avoid atrophy.
Topical Glucocorticoids Side effects
Tiamcinolone
- Hypopigmentation
- Excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis)
- Thinning of the skin
A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of left-sided heart
failure?
Frothy sputum
Pink-tinged frothy sputum can be an early indication of pulmonary edema and can be
life-threatening. Therefore, the nurse should notify the provider immediately.
Left Sided Heart Failure
- Frothy sputum
- Dyspnea
- Wheezing
Treatment:
Fluid restriction & diuretics to decrease preload & pulmonary congestion
Right heart sided failure
- Dependent edma
- Jugular distention
- Weight gain
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anxiety as well as numbness
and tingling of the lips and fingers.
The client's ABGs are: pH 7.48, PCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm
Hg. Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify that
the client is experiencing?
Respiratory alkalosis
- The pH is alkaline (increased)
- PCO2 is decreased representing alveolar hyperventilation & resultant respiratory
alkalosis
A nurse is assessing a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
,Osteoporosis
Bone become thinner as a result of mineral loss & nitrogen depletion.
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client who has basal cell carcinoma. The nurse
should identify which of the following lesion characteristics on the client's skin?
A pearly, waxy nodule.
- Basal cell carcinoma has a nodular lesion with well defined borders & pearly or waxy
appearance resulting from overexposure to the sun. especially on the face, head, and
neck.
-A client who has melanoma has a lesion with irregular borders and variegated colors of
red, white, and blue, most often on the upper back or lower legs.
-A client who has squamous cell carcinoma has a firm, nodular, and crusty lesion with a
ulcerated center, resulting from sun exposure, chronic irritation, burns, or irradiation to
the skin.
Melanoma
Irregular border and varigated colored lesions of red, white, blue.
- Most often on the upper back or lower legs
Squamous cell carcinoma
Firm, nodular, and crusty lesion with an ulcerated center from sun exposure, chronic
irritation, burns, or irradiation to the skin.
weeping vescile
Herpes Zoster
- Weeping, blister type lesions.
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is overusing
prescribed diuretics and has a sodium level of 127 mEq/L. Which of the following
laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
LOW URINE SPECFIC GRAVITY.
-A client who has hyponatremia as a result of diuretic overuse has a low urine specific
gravity. The increased excretion of water alters the ratio of particulate matter, which
affects the specific gravity.
Hyponatremia
- Low specific gravity
- Elevated hemoglobin
A home health nurse is assisting a client with planning care for a family member
who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following instructions should the
nurse include?
Remove clutter from rooms and hallways
- This allows the client is able to walk without the risk of falling or tripping over objects.
Later in the disease, the client can experience seizures, so cluttered areas could be a
risk to the client
Alzheimer's interventions
- Single date calender
- Redirect the client by starting another activity
, - Use short, simple senteces when explaining an activity
- Explanation should be done immediately before an activity
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a
manifestation of this syndrome?
REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA
- A client who has ARDS has refractory hypoxemia, which is hypoxemia that does not
improve with oxygen therapy. Extensive pulmonary edema evident on a chest x-ray is a
manifestation of ARDS.
Pulmonary embolism
- Pleural friction rub
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
- Dyspnea
- Sudden, sharp chest pain
Tension pneumothorax
- Trachial deviation
- Dyspnea
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Decreased or absent breath sounds over area
Lung cancer
Hemoptysis
Bloody expectorant when coughing
An emergency room nurse is assessing a client who has asthma and difficulty
breathing. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the
client is experiencing status asthmaticus?
USE OF ASSCESSORY MUSCLES.
- A client who has status asthmaticus uses accessory muscles to help facilitate
breathing, which is a manifestation of a severe airflow obstruction. The situation is life-
threatening and the nurse should intervene immediately with strong systemic
bronchodilators, epinephrine, corticosteroids, and oxygen.
status asthmaticus
- Labored breathing & wheezing
- Distended neck veins
- Use of accessory muscle
- Bronchodilators
- Epinephrine
- Corticosteroids
- Oxygen
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for PHENYTOIN to treat a
seizure disorder. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct
the client to report IMMEDIATELY to the provider?
