WGU C836- Fundamentals of Information Security Pre-Assessment 2023 with complete solution

Fundamentals of Information Security - WGU C836: Pre-Assessment: 2023 with complete solution Which cybersecurity term is defined as the potential for an attack on a resource? Answer- Threat Which security type deliberately exposes a system's vulnerabilities or resources to an attacker? Answer- Honeypots Which tool can be used to map devices on a network, along with their operating system types and versions? Answer- Port scanner Which web attack is a server-side attack? Answer- SQL injection An organization employs a VPN to safeguard its information. Which security principle is protected by a VPN? Answer- Data in motion A malicious hacker was successful in a denial of service (DoS) attack against an institution's mail server. Fortunately, no data was lost or altered while the server was offline. Which type of attack is this? Answer- Interruption A company has had server successful denial of service (DoS) attacks on its email server. Which security principle is being attacked? Answer- Availability A new start-up company has started working on a social networking website. The company has moved all its source code to a cloud provider and wants to protect this source code from unauthorized access. Which cyber defense concept should the start-up company use to maintain the confidentiality of its source code? Answer- File encryption A company has an annual audit of installed software and data storage systems. During the audit, the auditor asks how the company's most critical data is used. This determination helps the auditor ensure that the proper defense mechanisms are in place to protect critical data. Which principle of the Parkerian hexad is the auditor addressing? Answer- Utility Which web attack is possible due to a lack of input validation? Answer- SQL injection Which file action implements the principle of confidentiality from the CIA triad? Answer- Encryption Which cyber defense concept suggests limiting permissions to only what is necessary to perform a particular task? Answer- Principle of least privilege A company institutes a new policy that "All office computer monitors must face toward employees and must face away from doorways. The monitor screens must not be visible to people visiting the office." Which principle of the CIA triad is this company applying? Answer- Confidentiality At a small company, an employee makes an unauthorized data alteration. Which component of the CIA triad has been compromised? Answer- Integrity An organization plans to encrypt data in transit on a network. Which aspect of data is the organization attempting to protect? Answer- Integrity Which aspect of the CIA triad is violated by an unauthorized database roll back or undo? Answer- Integrity A company's website has suffered several denial of service (DoS) attacks and wishes to thwart future attacks. Which security principle is the company addressing? Answer- Availability An organization has a requirement that all database servers and file servers be configured to maintain operations in the presence of a failure. Which principle of the CIA triad is this requirement implementing? Answer- Availability A company's IT policy manual states that "All company computers, workstations, application servers, and mobile devices must have current versions of antivirus software." Which principle or concept of cybersecurity does this policy statement impact? Answer- Operating system security An organization's procedures document states that "All electronic communications should be encrypted during transmission across networks using encryption standards specified in the data encryption policy." Which security principle is this policy addressing? Answer- Confidentiality A company's website policy states that "To gain access to the corporate website, each employee must provide a valid user name and password, and then answer one of six security questions accurately." Which type of security does the policy address? Answer- Operations An organization notices unauthorized visitors following employees through a restricted doorway. Which vulnerability should be addressed in the organization's security policy? Answer- Tailgating A company wants to update its access control policy. The company wants to prevent hourly employees from logging in to company computers after business hours. Which type of access control policy should be implemented? Answer- Attribute-based A new software development company has determined that one of its proprietary algorithms is at a high risk for unauthorized disclosure. The company's security up to this point has been fairly lax. Which procedure should the company implement to protect this asset? Answer- Relocate the algorithm to encrypted storage An accounting firm stores financial data for many customers. The company policy requires that employees only access data for customers they are assigned to. The company implements a written policy indicating an employee can be fired for violating this requirement. Which type of control has the company implemented? Answer- Preventive How can an operating system be hardened in accordance to the principle of least privilege? Answer- Restrict account permissions A company implements an Internet-facing web server for its sales force to review product information. The sales force can also update its profiles and profile photos, but not the product information. There is no other information on this server. Which content access permissions should be granted to the sales force based on the principle of least privilege? Answer- Read and limited write access A corporation has discovered that some confidential personnel information has been used inappropriately. How can the principle of least privilege be applied to limit access to confidential personnel records? Answer- Only allow access to those who need access to perform their job A user runs an application that has been infected with malware that is less than 24 hours old. The malware then infects the operating system. Which safeguard should be implemented to prevent this type of attack? Answer- Limit user account privileges A company was the victim of a security breach resulting in stolen user credentials. An attacker used a stolen username and password to login to an employee email account. Which security practice could have reduced the post-breach impact of this event? Answer- Multifactor authentication A module in a security awareness course shows a user making use of two-factor authentication using a hardware token. Which security failure is being addressed by this training module? Answer- Weak passwords