The Welding Handbook
, 1.00
Maritime
Welding Handbook
Welding and
Related Processes
for Repair and Maintenance
Onboard
14th edition
2nd revision
Notice: All welding is carried out on the welder’s own risk and account. Welding should be executed by a qualified and experienced
welder and adequate safety measures should always be adhered to. The information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook are based
on general information and knowledge at hand and are believed to be accurate and reliable, but the information and guidelines are not
to be taken as a guarantee or warranty for a special purpose. The information and guidelines are provided to the welder solely for his
own consideration, and Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS assumes no legal responsibility or liability for eventual damages and/or losses
should the information and/or guidelines turn out to be incorrect or un-suitable. Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS is not liable for any loss or
damages whatsoever and howsoever arising which is due to force majeure, other events beyond the reasonable control of Wilhelmsen
Ships Service AS or events that could not reasonably be foreseen by Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS when this Welding Handbook was
made. Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS is in no event liable for indirect, incidental or consequential damages or losses, including dam-
ages for loss of profits, resulting from lack of conformity, including but not limited to loss resulting from goods or software not working
when connected to other goods/software or for any related cause thereto. Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS’s liability shall in any event
not exceed the total purchase price of theWilhelmsen Ships Service AS goods used during the welding operations. These conditions
are automatically accepted by anybody using the information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook.
, INTRODUCTION
A ship at sea depends upon the knowledge, skills and self-reliance of the crew to carry
1.00 out necessary maintenance and repair work. One of the important skills required is a
good command of modern welding techniques.
The purpose of the Welding Handbook for maritime welders is to provide guidance
in modern welding and related processes and to provide the welder with a source of
practical information on the right solution to specific onboard welding problems.
Experience gained from user contact and welding training of crewmembers showed that
documentation aimed specifically at on board welding solutions was needed. This led
to the development of the first welding handbook for on-board repair and maintenance
welding already the 1950es.
This edition of the UNITOR Welding Handbook builds upon all the earlier editions and on
Wilhelmsen Ships Service’s business activity.
Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS enjoys close co-operation with its customers and
would like to thank the many who have taken the effort to contribute with examples of
successful solutions to real life maintenance situations.
Unitor’s business activity
traces back to 1905 and
the company NAG with
Acetylene production as
a basic activity. The first
maritime deliveries from
this period were supply
of Acetylene as fuel
gas for the guiding light
beams from numerous
lighthouses along the
long and weather-
beaten coast of Norway.
The focus changed
towards gas and arc welding techniques when these were developed to useful
production and repair methods through the 1930es.
A main objective became to develop and maintain a range of welding equipment that
is suitable for onboard welding, backed by a worldwide service network, training and
documentation.
In 1943 the company name was changed to UNITOR. Mergers and increasing activity
in the department for sales to ships led to the establishment of this department as a
separate company; Unitor Ships Service AS in 1968.
In 2005 the company was bought by Wilh.Wilhelmsen ASA and the brand Unitor is now
incorporated in Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS, a part of Wilhelmsen Maritime Services
AS, a company in the Wilh. Wilhelmsen Group
2
, UNITOR WELDING HANDBOOK
1 SAFETY IN WELDING 9 1.00
2 SOLUTIONS 2.01 Introduction & quick guides to processes 35 2.01
2.02 Filler material consumption 47 2.02
2.03 Metal identification 50 2.03
2.04 Unalloyed / low alloyed steel 55 2.04
2.05 Problem steels 62 2.05
2.06 Stainless steels 65 2.06
2.07 Cast iron 78 2.07
2.08 Copper and copper alloys 104 2.08
2.09 Aluminium 112 2.09
2.10 Evaluation of welds 114 2.10
3 CONSUMABLES 3.01 Coated Electrodes 125 3.01
3.02 TIG Welding Rods & Fluxes 197 3.02
3.03 Wires for Wire Welding 217 3.03
3.04 Gas Welding Rods & Fluxes 241 3.04
3.05 Brazing Rods & Fluces 249 3.05
3.06 Cold Repair Compounds 275 3.06
4 ARC WELDING AND 4.01 Electrode welding & gouging 331 4.01
CUTTING PROCESS 4.02 TIG Welding 381 4.02
& EQUIPMENT
4.03 Wire Welding 403 4.03
4.04 Plasma Cutting 441 4.04
5 GAS WELDING AND 4.05 Current Distribution System 459 4.05
CUTTING PROCESS &
5.01 AC/OX cutting, welding, brazing 465 5.01
EQUIPMENT
5.02 Gas Supplies and gas distribution system 517 5.02
6 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
535 6.00
3
, 1.00
Maritime
Welding Handbook
Welding and
Related Processes
for Repair and Maintenance
Onboard
14th edition
2nd revision
Notice: All welding is carried out on the welder’s own risk and account. Welding should be executed by a qualified and experienced
welder and adequate safety measures should always be adhered to. The information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook are based
on general information and knowledge at hand and are believed to be accurate and reliable, but the information and guidelines are not
to be taken as a guarantee or warranty for a special purpose. The information and guidelines are provided to the welder solely for his
own consideration, and Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS assumes no legal responsibility or liability for eventual damages and/or losses
should the information and/or guidelines turn out to be incorrect or un-suitable. Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS is not liable for any loss or
damages whatsoever and howsoever arising which is due to force majeure, other events beyond the reasonable control of Wilhelmsen
Ships Service AS or events that could not reasonably be foreseen by Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS when this Welding Handbook was
made. Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS is in no event liable for indirect, incidental or consequential damages or losses, including dam-
ages for loss of profits, resulting from lack of conformity, including but not limited to loss resulting from goods or software not working
when connected to other goods/software or for any related cause thereto. Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS’s liability shall in any event
not exceed the total purchase price of theWilhelmsen Ships Service AS goods used during the welding operations. These conditions
are automatically accepted by anybody using the information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook.
, INTRODUCTION
A ship at sea depends upon the knowledge, skills and self-reliance of the crew to carry
1.00 out necessary maintenance and repair work. One of the important skills required is a
good command of modern welding techniques.
The purpose of the Welding Handbook for maritime welders is to provide guidance
in modern welding and related processes and to provide the welder with a source of
practical information on the right solution to specific onboard welding problems.
Experience gained from user contact and welding training of crewmembers showed that
documentation aimed specifically at on board welding solutions was needed. This led
to the development of the first welding handbook for on-board repair and maintenance
welding already the 1950es.
This edition of the UNITOR Welding Handbook builds upon all the earlier editions and on
Wilhelmsen Ships Service’s business activity.
Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS enjoys close co-operation with its customers and
would like to thank the many who have taken the effort to contribute with examples of
successful solutions to real life maintenance situations.
Unitor’s business activity
traces back to 1905 and
the company NAG with
Acetylene production as
a basic activity. The first
maritime deliveries from
this period were supply
of Acetylene as fuel
gas for the guiding light
beams from numerous
lighthouses along the
long and weather-
beaten coast of Norway.
The focus changed
towards gas and arc welding techniques when these were developed to useful
production and repair methods through the 1930es.
A main objective became to develop and maintain a range of welding equipment that
is suitable for onboard welding, backed by a worldwide service network, training and
documentation.
In 1943 the company name was changed to UNITOR. Mergers and increasing activity
in the department for sales to ships led to the establishment of this department as a
separate company; Unitor Ships Service AS in 1968.
In 2005 the company was bought by Wilh.Wilhelmsen ASA and the brand Unitor is now
incorporated in Wilhelmsen Ships Service AS, a part of Wilhelmsen Maritime Services
AS, a company in the Wilh. Wilhelmsen Group
2
, UNITOR WELDING HANDBOOK
1 SAFETY IN WELDING 9 1.00
2 SOLUTIONS 2.01 Introduction & quick guides to processes 35 2.01
2.02 Filler material consumption 47 2.02
2.03 Metal identification 50 2.03
2.04 Unalloyed / low alloyed steel 55 2.04
2.05 Problem steels 62 2.05
2.06 Stainless steels 65 2.06
2.07 Cast iron 78 2.07
2.08 Copper and copper alloys 104 2.08
2.09 Aluminium 112 2.09
2.10 Evaluation of welds 114 2.10
3 CONSUMABLES 3.01 Coated Electrodes 125 3.01
3.02 TIG Welding Rods & Fluxes 197 3.02
3.03 Wires for Wire Welding 217 3.03
3.04 Gas Welding Rods & Fluxes 241 3.04
3.05 Brazing Rods & Fluces 249 3.05
3.06 Cold Repair Compounds 275 3.06
4 ARC WELDING AND 4.01 Electrode welding & gouging 331 4.01
CUTTING PROCESS 4.02 TIG Welding 381 4.02
& EQUIPMENT
4.03 Wire Welding 403 4.03
4.04 Plasma Cutting 441 4.04
5 GAS WELDING AND 4.05 Current Distribution System 459 4.05
CUTTING PROCESS &
5.01 AC/OX cutting, welding, brazing 465 5.01
EQUIPMENT
5.02 Gas Supplies and gas distribution system 517 5.02
6 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
535 6.00
3
