APUSH Chapter 16 Identifications

Albert Bierstadt - U.S. artist, born near Düsseldorf, Germany; gained popularity with panoramic scenes of the American West; among the last generation of painters associated with the Hudson River school; covered vast distances in search of exotic subject matter; freely altered details and colors of landscape to create grandeur; often made dramatic progression from foreground to background, without the softness of a middle distance Annie Oakley - amazing markswoman featured in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show Barbed wire - One the first problems that faced the farmers on the plains was the problem of fencing. Farmers needed to enclose their land, if for no other reason than to protect if from the herds of the open-range cattlemen. But traditional wood or stone fences were too expensive and were ineffective as barriers to cattle. In 1873, tow Illinois farmers, Joseph H. Glidden and I. L. Ellwood, solved this with barbed wire Battle of the Little Bighorn - 2,500 Indian soldiers attacked 264 American troops and Colonel George A. Custer where they surrounded all the American troops and killed each and every single one of them Bureau of Indian Affairs - A government agency created in the 1800s to oversee federal policy toward Native Americans californios - The Hispanic residents of California who were outnumbered by the flood of English-speaking people who took their land and jobs. coolies - Chinese indentured servants whose conditions were close to slave