Principles & Practice Fifth Edition Vol. 1 Ch. 13 Emergency Pharmacology

6 Rights of Medication - Right Medication Right Dose Right Patient Right Time Right Route Right Documentation Analgesics vs. Anesthesia - Analgesics - absence of the sensation of pain. -Adjunct medications enhance the effects of other analgesics. Anesthesia - absence of all sensation. Autonomic Nervous System Medications - -In the autonomic system nerves exit the CNS into the autonomic ganglia. From here they are directed to the organs that will be effected. Nerve fibers that exit the CNS and are terminated in the ganglia are preganglionic; fibers that are terminated in the target tissues are postganglionic. The ganglia of the autonomic system is close to the spinal cord; the ganglia of the parasympathetic are located close to the target organs. There is no physical connection between nerves or nerves and organs, there is a space or SYNAPSE called a neuroeffector junction that use neurotransmitters to bridge the gap. -The 2 neurotransmitters of the CNS are acetychloline (ACh) and norepinephrine. Each is used in the preganglionic nerves of the sympathetic nervous system and both the pre and postganglionic nerves of the parasympathetic system and are called CHOLINERGIC synapses. Norepinephrine is the postganglionic neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system and are called ADRENERGIC synapses. PARASYMPATHETIC DRUGS -Arises from the brain stem and sacral portions of the spinal cord. 1) From the brain stem there are 4 nerves that are followed: a) N III - Eyes b) N VII - Submandibular (breakdown/salivation) c) N IX - Otic (Salivary) d) Vagus N X - Organs