CALT Exam Study Guide questions and
answers 2023
Rhyming - answerOne of the first phonological awareness skills to develop
Blending & segmenting at syllable level - answerDevelops at 3-4 years
Segmenting phonemes - answerDevelops at 4-5 years
Isolating beginning sound in words, segmenting phonemes in CVC words -
answerDevelops in kindergarten
Segmenting words with consonant blends - answerDevelops in first grade
Receptive oral language - answerListening
Expressive oral language - answerSpeaking
Receptive written language - answerReading
Expressive written language - answerWriting
__ letters representing __ phonemes - answer26, 44
5 vowel letters, __ vowel sounds - answer15
Long vowels - answerTense Vowels. (Beet, bait, boat, boot, bite, boy, bout) (a, e, i, o, u,
oy, ou, oo)
Short vowels - answerLax vowels - pat, pet, pit, pot, put, putt (a, e, i ,o, u, oo)
Fricatives - answerproduced by a constant flow of air through the vocal tract (f and v)
Affricates - answerch/j
Glides - answerW, y
Liquids - answerl, r
Alphabetic principle - answeran understanding that letters and letter patterns represent
the sounds of spoken language
Six syllable types - answerclosed, open, VCe, C+le, R controlled, vowel pairs
, Semantics - answerLanguage content— meaning of words and the relationship
between and among words
Pragmatics - answerLanguage use— reasons, codes/styles, conversation rules
Phonology - answerthe study of speech sounds in language
Morphology - answerunits of meaning involved in word formation
Syntax - answerthe rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in
a given language
Teutonic Invasion - answerShifted the balance of power in Central Europe leading up to
the Christianizing of Britain
Norman Conquest - answerBegan in 1066. Led by William the Conquerer. His military
victory at the Battle of Hastings led to Norman control of England. This control would
influence England more with continental Europe than Scandinavian culture. Would also
lead to rivalry between England and France for the next millenium.
Renaissance - answer"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on
the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome
The Great Vowel Shift - answera phonetic shift in the way that long vowels were
pronounced in English
Dyslexia - answerA specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit
in the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and
decoding abilities.
Inferior frontal gyrus - answerBroca's area — articulation and word analysis
Parieto-temporal area - answerBrain part responsible for word analysis
Occipito-temporal region - answerThe vision center — word form
Angular gyrus - answertransforms visual representations into an auditory code
Wernicke's area - answercontrols language reception - a brain area involved in
language comprehension and expression; in the parieto-temporal lobe
Decode - answerDetermine pronunciation of a word by breaking it down into sounds
Encode - answerTo spell
answers 2023
Rhyming - answerOne of the first phonological awareness skills to develop
Blending & segmenting at syllable level - answerDevelops at 3-4 years
Segmenting phonemes - answerDevelops at 4-5 years
Isolating beginning sound in words, segmenting phonemes in CVC words -
answerDevelops in kindergarten
Segmenting words with consonant blends - answerDevelops in first grade
Receptive oral language - answerListening
Expressive oral language - answerSpeaking
Receptive written language - answerReading
Expressive written language - answerWriting
__ letters representing __ phonemes - answer26, 44
5 vowel letters, __ vowel sounds - answer15
Long vowels - answerTense Vowels. (Beet, bait, boat, boot, bite, boy, bout) (a, e, i, o, u,
oy, ou, oo)
Short vowels - answerLax vowels - pat, pet, pit, pot, put, putt (a, e, i ,o, u, oo)
Fricatives - answerproduced by a constant flow of air through the vocal tract (f and v)
Affricates - answerch/j
Glides - answerW, y
Liquids - answerl, r
Alphabetic principle - answeran understanding that letters and letter patterns represent
the sounds of spoken language
Six syllable types - answerclosed, open, VCe, C+le, R controlled, vowel pairs
, Semantics - answerLanguage content— meaning of words and the relationship
between and among words
Pragmatics - answerLanguage use— reasons, codes/styles, conversation rules
Phonology - answerthe study of speech sounds in language
Morphology - answerunits of meaning involved in word formation
Syntax - answerthe rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in
a given language
Teutonic Invasion - answerShifted the balance of power in Central Europe leading up to
the Christianizing of Britain
Norman Conquest - answerBegan in 1066. Led by William the Conquerer. His military
victory at the Battle of Hastings led to Norman control of England. This control would
influence England more with continental Europe than Scandinavian culture. Would also
lead to rivalry between England and France for the next millenium.
Renaissance - answer"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on
the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome
The Great Vowel Shift - answera phonetic shift in the way that long vowels were
pronounced in English
Dyslexia - answerA specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit
in the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and
decoding abilities.
Inferior frontal gyrus - answerBroca's area — articulation and word analysis
Parieto-temporal area - answerBrain part responsible for word analysis
Occipito-temporal region - answerThe vision center — word form
Angular gyrus - answertransforms visual representations into an auditory code
Wernicke's area - answercontrols language reception - a brain area involved in
language comprehension and expression; in the parieto-temporal lobe
Decode - answerDetermine pronunciation of a word by breaking it down into sounds
Encode - answerTo spell
