(SOLVED) NREMT PREP. 2023 P.C.E.M.S.

(SOLVED) NREMT PREP. 2023 P.C.E.M.S. -how to open a patients airway {{Correct Ans_ open the airway- head tilt, chin lift(medical calls) jaw thrust manuever ( trauma). clear the airway suction rquired 15 secs nose to ear jaw to ear opa/npa. ventilate bvm 15 at 15 lpm every 5 to 6 secs e/c grip -what is the difference between nasal cannaula, non re breather mask, bag valve mask? {{Correct Ans_ Nasal canauala- o2 1-6lpm( low 02 but mild symptoms). Non re breather - 02 15 lpm resp distress w/low spo2. bag valve mask- ventilation, 15 lpm unable to manage own airway, most commonly unresponsive w / low rr -what are the three main lung sounds? {{Correct Ans_ wheezing aka constriction: asthma anaphylaxis copd. rhonchi: pheumonia( infection/mucus) Rales: Chf (fluid) -What is stridor and its main causes:? {{Correct Ans_ 1. Croup 2. Epiglottis 3. Foriegn body air way obstruction 4. Inhalation burn 5. Anaphylaxis 6. High moi/ trauma -what is asthma? {{Correct Ans_ hoconstriction, mucus ng allergies, physical excertion. 3wheezing cough w/ tighthess in chest acceleratory muscles use hard time exhaling. 4. how to treat it ? oxygen nrb mask 94-99% spo2/ cpap 5-10 cm h20 -What is anaphylaxis? {{Correct Ans_ allergic reaction- one body system vs anaphylaxis- 2 or more body systems. severe allergic responses, that can be life threating. 1. sign and symptoms insects bees, food, medications 2.Stridor, wheezing, hives, nasuea/ vomitting 3. epinepherine- pen 0.3 mg im or jr 0.15 mg im ( oxygen and albuterol) -what are two types of copd? {{Correct Ans_ chronic bronchitis: blue bloaters. overweight. productive cough. excessive mucus. tight airways. emphysema: pink puffers. thin barrel chest. cough only. pursed lip breathing. non elastic alveoli. -what is copd and how to treat it? {{Correct Ans_ Chronic respitory disesase , bronchoristiction, mucus, production, destruction of the alveoli smoking, irrants, shipyards. 2. wheezing, rhonchi, difficulty breathing, tightness of the chest, low spo2. how to treat it- oxygen get patient back to 94% sp02, albuterol, cpap 5-10 cm h20 -What is pulminary embolism? {{Correct Ans_ 1. Thrombisis aka "lung attack" in the pulminary atteries. 2. risk factors- long rides/ travel, surgery, cancer, pregnancy, birth control use, smokers. 3. short of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, hypoxia. 4. oxygen at 15lpm, maintain 94-99% rapid transport. 5. transmit 12 lead ekg -what is chf and how to treat it? {{Correct Ans_ 1. chf is when the heart fails as a pump, pulmonary edema can be life threatening. 2. smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol. 3. rales bilateraly, jvd, pink sputum with cough, hypertension. 4. oxygen( raise spo2) 12 lead ekg ( transmit) cpap 10 cm h20 ( 5-10 cm h20) -what are two types of angina and what is there signs and symptoms? {{Correct Ans_ stable angina- stops w/ rest. unstable angina- persists even w/ rest. constriction of clot aka prinzmetal angina. plaques in blood clot aka myocardial infraction. -What is a myocardial infarction and what is the signs and symptoms? {{Correct Ans_ better known as a heart attack. 1. Mi is when a coronary artery is blocked, causing no blood flow to the heart muscle. 2. smokers, diabetes, at age 50+, hypertension, high cholesterol. 3. crushing chest pain, left arm pain/ shoulder/ jaw/ nausea/ vomitting, weakness/ malaise, back pain. 4. to treat it oxygen, goal 94% or higher, asprin 324mg. assist w/ nitroglycerin/ transmit 12 lead ekg -what are the major pulse points? {{Correct Ans_ ral pulse- temple of the head pulse. id pulse- side of neck pulse. 3. apicial pulse- upper left collar bone pusle. 4. brachial pulse- left arm under bicep pulse. 5 radial pulse- left wrist pulse. 6. femoral pulse- the groin pulse. 7. popliteal pulse- back of the knee pulse. 8. posterior tibial- inside of the ankle. 9. dorsalis pedis- top of the foot pulse -what is a stroke ( cerebrovascular accident)? aka a brain attack {{Correct Ans_ 1. blockage/ hemorrage of cerebral artery that supplies blood to the brain. 2. smoking, diabetes , hypertension, artical fibrillation, previous stroke/ clot. 3. balance does it appaer normal? eye vision/ nygstamous, facial droop? arm drift? speech, time last seemed normal (3-4.5 hr tpa) -what is a abdominal aortic aneurysm? {{Correct Ans_ 1. tear / rupture of the aorta. 2. cardiac risk factors: smoking advanced age diabities-chfmen 60-70 years old. 3. unexplained hypotension, pale skin, abdominal, syncope, btradycardia. 4. oxygen iv fluids, rapid transport (als) -define cardiac tamponade? {{Correct Ans_ is a penetraing trauma to the chest like a stabbing or shooting event thus causing tears in the heart chamber walls -define commotio cordis? {{Correct Ans_ this is a condition that involes the patient being hit by an object square into the heart this trauma leads to sudden death and ventricular fibrillation -What is Beck's triad? {{Correct Ans_ Hypotension, Muffled Heart Sounds, JVD, narrowing pulse pressure -what is a tension pneumothorax? {{Correct Ans_ Collasping of a lung due to trauma taht resukts in hypotension. 2. traumatic risk, thin, young men. 3. absent/ dimished lung sounds, unlaterally, hypotension, jvd, difficulty breathing, sharp chest pain. 4. oxygen, nrb mask, get spo2 above 94% -how to treat tension pneumothorax? {{Correct Ans_ 3 sided drrssing, let air escape not more air enter. bvm ventaliations, if patient cant control airway, the postive pressure will assist. -define the three burn degrees? {{Correct Ans_ 1st degree- similar to sunburn (epidermis only) 2. 2nd degree burn- partial thicknessmost painful as its deep but nerves still in tact ( epoidermis, portial dermis) 3 degree- full thickness, most damage nerves are damaged deepest burn bones , muscles, tendons can be effected. -what are four types of burns? {{Correct Ans_ thermal- most common burn, high heat and contact time will determine how servere. chemical- acid/ alkali burns, watch specialized areas changes to skin. electrical- lightning, electrical current. Radation- ioniziong or nonionizing -What is perfusion? {{Correct Ans_ heart- pump o2-lungs container- vessels -what is compensated shock? {{Correct Ans_ body reacts to event tachycardia vasoconstriction tacyphnea kidneys retain fluid awake, cool skin altered mental status " crisis mode" -what is decompensated shock? {{Correct Ans_ lose systolic b/p now under 90. hypotension tachycardia worsens delayed cap refill,cyanosisis, cold exteremeties "system failure" -what is irreversible shock? {{Correct Ans_ severe hypotension lethal ekg changes bradycardia "arrest coma" -how does shock compensates? {{Correct Ans_ sympathetic- hr,vaso, contract, cardiac output all go up. hormones- pituitary, adernal, adh, aldosterone go down and reduce sodium/ water. adernal- epinepherine all listed go up/ ceberal blood flow. -how to treat cardogenic shock? {{Correct Ans_ heart fault: mi/chf- o2, aspirin, for mi