NREMT - Cardiology & Resuscitation Exam 2023 (100% Correct Answers)

NREMT - Cardiology & Resuscitation Exam 2023 (100% Correct Answers) A 9-year-old male complains of pain in the middle of his chest. He tells you that the pain increases with deep inspiration. His mother tells you that he has had frequent coughing for the past week. She denies any other medical history and tells you he is up-to-date with his vaccinations. His lungs are clear to auscultation. His vital signs are P 110, R 18, BP 110/70, and SpO2 is 97% on room air. You should suspect: A. chest pain of a cardiac origin. B. chest pain of a non-cardiac origin. C. pertussis. D. laryngotracheobronchitis. - ANSWER B. chest pain of a non-cardiac origin. A 3-year-old female complains of pain in her chest. Her father tells you that she has mitral valve prolapse. Her skin is cyanotic. Her lungs are clear on auscultation. Her vital signs are P 136 and irregular, R 30, BP 94/64, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should administer: A. nitroglycerin. B. aspirin. C. oxygen by nasal cannula. D. oxygen by non-rebreather mask. - ANSWER C. oxygen by nasal cannula. An 11-year-old male passed out while playing soccer. When you arrive, he is conscious and tells you he had dizziness and sharp chest pain before he passed out. He points to his mid-sternum when you ask him the location of the pain. He denies any pain currently. His vital signs are P 66, R 18, BP 114/72, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should: A. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. B. transport him in a position of comfort. C. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. D. transport him fully immobilized to a long backboard. - ANSWER B. transport him in a position of comfort. A 6-month-old female is non-responsive to stimuli and has central cyanosis. Her father tells you she has had a cold. Her vital signs are P 80, R 24 and shallow, and her capillary refill is three seconds. What should you suspect is causing her bradycardia? A. Hypoxia B. Atherosclerosis C. Myocardial ischemia D. Sick sinus syndrome - ANSWER A. Hypoxia A 7-year-old male passed out while playing soccer. He has a history of asthma. He is alert now and tells you he feels like his heart is beating out of his chest. He is dyspneic, and you auscultate clear lung sounds. His pulse is too fast to count, and the rest of his vital signs are R 32, BP 88/58, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should: A. administer aspirin. B. assist with the administration of albuterol. C. administer oxygen. D. assist with the administration of nitroglycerin. - ANSWER C. administer oxygen. An unresponsive 10-month-old female is lying in her crib. You observe cyanosis in her lips and tongue. Her vital signs are P 76, R 18 and shallow, and her capillary refill is four seconds. You should first: A. assist her ventilation. B. assess her blood pressure. C. assess her pulse oximetry. D. begin chest compressions. - ANSWER A. assist her ventilation. An unresponsive 2-year-old male is lying in his bed. His mother tells you that he has been sick for four days. You should next: A. assess his breathing and pulse. B. attach the AED and analyze his rhythm. C. ventilate him. D. begin chest compressions. - ANSWER A. assess his breathing and pulse. An unresponsive 3-month-old female is in cardiac arrest. While you and your partner are resuscitating her, you should compress her chest: A. approximately one half of the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest. B. using a two thumb — encircling hands technique. C. over the upper third of her sternum. D. using a two-finger technique. - ANSWER B. using a two thumb — encircling hands technique. You are resuscitating a 6-year-old male who is in cardiac arrest. After you analyze his rhythm, the AED announces, "No shock advised." You should immediately: A. ventilate him twice. B. assess his breathing. C. resume chest compressions. D. assess his pulse. - ANSWER C. resume chest compressions. An unresponsive 14-year-old female was rescued from the bottom of a pool. Bystanders are performing high-quality CPR and tell you they do not know how long she was submerged. You should first: A. apply a cervical collar. B. attach the AED. C. determine if the pool is saltwater or chlorinated. D. perform abdominal thrusts. - ANSWER B. attach the AED. An unresponsive 1-year-old male is lying on the floor with full-thickness burns to his left hand and right knee. He is apneic and pulseless. You should have your partner first: A. ventilate him. B. apply sterile dressings to his wounds. C. begin chest compressions. D. apply the AED and analyze his rhythm. - ANSWER C. begin chest compressions. An unresponsive 8-year-old female was found outside on a cold night. She is apneic, pulseless, and her skin is cold. You begin chest compressions, attach the AED, and analyze her rhythm. The AED announces, "Shock advised." You should: A. shock her and resume compressions. B. disregard the AED and begin transport. C. shock her and reanalyze her rhythm. D. disregard the AED and begin to rewarm her actively. - ANSWER A. shock her and resume compressions. An unresponsive 10-month-old male is apneic and pulseless. While you are performing chest compressions, you observe that he appears to be breathing. You should next: A. continue compressions. B. auscultate his lung sounds. C. assess for a pulse. D. analyze his rhythm with the AED. - ANSWER C. assess for a pulse. While resuscitating a 1-month-old female, you achieve ROSC. She is unresponsive and has a rapid brachial pulse. You should next: A. analyze her rhythm with the AED. B. assess her breathing. C. continue compressions. D. begin to cool her. - ANSWER B. assess her breathing. A 3-year-old male was in cardiac arrest. You successfully resuscitated him, but he remains unresponsive. His vital signs are P 124, R 22, BP 94/70, and SpO2 is 100% on oxygen by non-rebreather mask. You should: A. switch to a nasal cannula. B. resume chest compressions. C. begin to cool him. D. assist his ventilation. - ANSWER A. switch to a nasal cannula. A 14-year-old female passed out while running. She is now awake and tells you she feels light-headed and like her heart is pounding out of her chest. Her lungs are clear to auscultation. Her vital signs are P 186, R 20, BP 80/58, and SpO2 is unattainable. What should you suspect caused her to pass out? A. Reduced intrathoracic pressure B. Reduced atrial filling pressure C. Increased ventricular filling pressure D. Increased intrathoracic pressure - ANSWER B. Reduced atrial filling pressure A 1-year-old male is irritable, and his skin is diaphoretic. His mother tells you that he has coarctation of his aorta. His lungs are clear to auscultation with good chest rise. His vital signs are P 138, R 28, BP 116/68, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should: A. administer aspirin. B. administer oxygen. C. assist with the administration of his nitroglycerin. D. assist his ventilation. - ANSWER B. administer oxygen. A 61-year-old female complains of pain to the right side of her chest. She tells you that it started while she was mowing her lawn. She rates the pain 7 of 10 and tells you it does not change with movement. She has a history of cardiac and lung disease. Her skin is diaphoretic. You auscultate coarse crackles in bases of her lungs. Her vital signs are P 96, R 16, BP 168/110, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect: A. costochondritis. B. congestive heart failure. C. acute coronary syndrome. D. hypertensive crisis. - ANSWER C. acute coronary syndrome. An 84-year-old male complains of pain in the left side of his chest that woke him up. He has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He rates the pain 6 of 10. There is no change in the pain with deep inspiration. You auscultate fine crackles in his lower lung fields. His vital signs are P 88, R 16, BP 148/78, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect: A. acute coronary syndrome. B. costochondritis. C. respiratory distress. D. emphysema. - ANSWER A. acute coronary syndrome. A 32-year-old female complains of pain in her chest. She tells you that it started 15 minutes ago while she was exercising, but it is gone now. Her lungs are clear to auscultation. Her vital signs are P 92, R 16, BP 116/76, and SpO2 is 97% on room air. You should suspect: A. pulmonary embolism. B. acute myocardial infarction. C. angina. D. pulmonary edema. - ANSWER C. angina. A 49-year-old male complains of left-sided chest pain. He tells you it started an hour ago and it has been constantly 4 of 10. He denies any past medical history. He has a 38 pack-year smoking history. You auscultate fine crackles in his lower lungs. His vital signs are P 96, R 16, BP 154/96, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should suspect: A. emphysema. B. acute myocardial infarction. C. Prinzmetal's angina. D. lung cancer. - ANSWER B. acute myocardial infarction. A 93-year-old female complains of a sudden onset of sweating and fatigue. She denies chest pain or difficulty breathing but tells you she feels like she is going to die. Her vital signs are P 78, R 16, BP 142/86, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should suspect: A. acute coronary syndrome. B. influenza. C. sepsis. D. gastroenteritis. - ANSWER A. acute coronary syndrome. An 84-year-old male complains of pain in his chest that started while he was watching TV. He describes the pain as squeezing and rates it 5 of 10. He tells you he has a history of heart disease. His lungs are clear to auscultation. His vital signs are P 102, R 16, BP 118/80, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should: A. assist with the administration of his nitroglycerin. B. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. C. administer aspirin. D. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. - ANSWER C. administer aspirin. A 68-year-old female who has a history of angina tells you she has chest pain. She describes the pain as sharp and rates it 6 of 10. She tells you she took one aspirin prior to your arrival. Her lungs are clear to auscultation. Her vital signs are P 104, R 18, BP 156/90, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should next: A. determine the aspirin dosage and route of administration. B. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. C. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. D. assist with the administration of her nitroglycerin. - ANSWER A. determine the aspirin dosage and route of administration. An 81-year-old male complains of chest pain that he describes as a heaviness. He denies any allergies to medication or active bleeding. He denies taking any medication prior to your arrival. You should first: A. auscultate his lung sounds. B. assess his vital signs. C. determine his pulse oximetry. D. administer aspirin. - ANSWER D. administer aspirin. A 55-year-old female complains of pressure in her upper abdomen. She tells you it started while she was sitting at her desk doing paperwork. She has a history of hypertension and high cholesterol. Her vital signs are P 88 and irregular, R 16, BP 140/86, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should administer: A. oxygen by simple face mask. B. antacid. C. aspirin. D. oxygen by nasal cannula. - ANSWER C. aspirin. An 85-year-old male tells you that he woke up sweaty and nauseated. He tells you he has a funny feeling in his chest that he cannot specifically describe. He tells you he has a history of diabetes and hypertension. His lungs are clear to auscultation. His vital signs are P 104 and irregular, R 14, BP 102/88, and SpO2 is 91% on room air. You should first: A. administer oxygen. B. assess for orthostatic hypotension. C. assess his blood glucose level. D. assist with the administration of nitroglycerin. - ANSWER A. administer oxygen. Which of the following can result in the occlusion of a coronary artery? A. Reduced cardiac output B. Pulmonary artery embolism C. Increased systemic vascular resistance D. Atherosclerosis of a coronary artery - ANSWER D. Atherosclerosis of a coronary artery Why should you administer aspirin to a patient whom you suspect has cardiac compromise? A. To dissolve a ruptured coronary plaque B. To reduce clotting at the site of a ruptured coronary plaque C. To provide analgesic effects at the site of a ruptured coronary plaque D. To dilate coronary arteries at the site of the ruptured plaque - ANSWER B. To reduce clotting at the site of a ruptured coronary plaque An 81-year-old male is experiencing chest pain. He has no signs of dyspnea or shock. Why should you target oxygen administration to a SpO2 between 94%-99%? A. To reduce platelet aggregation B. To reduce production of free-radicals C. To increase vasodilation D. To increase carbon dioxide removal - ANSWER B. To reduce production of free-radicals What causes the discomfort associated with angina? A. Myocardial tissue hypoxia B. Increased intracellular pressure C. Myocardial tissue strain D. Decreased lactate production - ANSWER A. Myocardial tissue hypoxia A 28-year-old female complains that she feels like she is going to pass out. She tells you this started suddenly after ingesting several energy drinks. Her vital signs are P 172, R 18, BP 96/76, and SpO2 is 98% on room air. What should you suspect is causing her complaint? A. Stroke B. Tachycardia C. Increased cardiac output D. Neurogenic shock - ANSWER B. Tachycardia A 65-year-old male complains of generalized weakness. He tells you that he almost passed out earlier today. His lungs are clear to auscultation. His vital signs are P 44, R 16, BP 96/68, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should suspect: A. respiratory failure. B. respiratory distress. C. cardiogenic shock. D. obstructive shock. - ANSWER C. cardiogenic shock. A 66-year-old female complains of a sudden onset of dizziness. She tells you she thinks she has the flu. Her lungs are clear to auscultation, and she has good chest expansion. Her skin is pale, warm, and dry. Her vital signs are P 48, R 16, BP 88/56, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should suspect: A. reduced cardiac output. B. increased sympathetic stimulation. C. influenza. D. poor alveolar ventilation. - ANSWER A. reduced cardiac output. A 32-year-old male complains of nearly passing out and nausea. He tells you he feels a fluttering in his chest. He has a 26 pack-year smoking history. You auscultate scattered rhonchi in the bases of his lungs. His vital signs are P 168, R 14, BP 92/58, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should suspect: A. reduced cardiac output. B. vasovagal syncope. C. indigestion. D. respiratory failure. - ANSWER A. reduced cardiac output. An 80-year-old female complains of a sudden irregular heartbeat. She tells you she feels weak and nauseated. Her vital signs are P 128 and irregular, R 16, BP 148/92, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect: A. stroke. B. ventricular fibrillation. C. cardiac arrhythmia. D. cardiogenic shock. - ANSWER C. cardiac arrhythmia. A 59-year-old male complains of dizziness and palpitations. He denies dyspnea. His vital signs are P 178, R 16, BP 92/56, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should: A. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. B. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. C. assist with the administration of nitroglycerin. D. administer aspirin. - ANSWER B. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. A 52-year-old female complains of waking up light-headed. Her skin is pale and diaphoretic. You auscultate clear lung sounds. Her vital signs are P 46, R 16, BP 86/58, and SpO2 is unattainable. You should: A. administer oxygen. B. assist with the administration of nitroglycerin. C. administer aspirin. D. attach the AED. - ANSWER A. administer oxygen. A 50-year-old male has a new onset of palpitations in his chest. He denies pain or difficulty breathing. He has a history of smoking and hypertension. You auscultate coarse crackles scattered in his lower lungs. His vital signs are P 116 and irregular, R 14, BP 148/92, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should: A. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. B. transport him. C. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. D. assist with the administration of nitroglycerin. - ANSWER B. transport him. A 27-year-old female complains of palpitations and dizziness. She denies any past medical history. Her vital signs are P 188, R 18, BP 88/ 62, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should first: A. transport her. B. attach the AED. C. administer oxygen. D. administer aspirin. - ANSWER C. administer oxygen. A 39-year-old male complains of severe fatigue. He denies pain or difficulty breathing. He tells you he had myocarditis last year, and since then his heart rate has been slow. His skin is pale. His vital signs are P 54, R 16, BP 114/84, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should: A. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. B. administer aspirin. C. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. D. transport him. - ANSWER D. transport him. Why would a 21-year-old female who has a regular pulse of greater than 160 have signs of cardiogenic shock? A. Myocardial cells do not have enough time to repolarize. B. Oxygen diffusion is decreased because of increased perfusion. C. Electrical impulses are not conducted efficiently. D. Preload is reduced due to decreased atrial filling time. - ANSWER D. Preload is reduced due to decreased atrial filling time. Why would a 20-year-old male who has a regular pulse less than 50 have signs of hypoperfusion? A. His cardiac output is too low. B. His atrial filling time is too long. C. Coronary artery filling time is reduced. D. Diastole is decreased. - ANSWER A. His cardiac output is too low. A 44-year-old female tells you she feels palpitations and is short of breath. She tells you she is taking medication to treat her atrial fibrillation. Her lungs are clear to auscultation. Her vital signs are P 106 and irregular, R 18, BP 146/84, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should: A. transport her. B. administer oxygen by non-rebreather. C. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. D. administer aspirin. - ANSWER C. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. An unresponsive 84-year-old male was found in bed. His skin is pale and diaphoretic. His lungs are clear to auscultation and have equal expansion. His vital signs are P 38, R 16, BP 82/58, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should: A. administer oxygen. B. begin chest compressions. C. assist his ventilation. D. attach the AED. - ANSWER A. administer oxygen. An unresponsive 54-year-old female is apneic and pulseless. Your partner begins chest compressions while you attach the AED and analyze the rhythm. The AED announces, "Shock advised." You should suspect: A. pulseless ventricular tachycardia. B. supraventricular tachycardia. C. asystole. D. pulseless electrical activity. - ANSWER A. pulseless ventricular tachycardia. You are resuscitating an unresponsive 90-year-old male who is in cardiac arrest. After the AED analyzes his rhythm, it advises you to shock him. What cardiac rhythm should you suspect he is in? A. Atrial fibrillation B. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia C. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome D. Ventricular fibrillation - ANSWER D. Ventricular fibrillation An unresponsive 88-year-old female is apneic and pulseless. You are performing chest compressions. Your partner attaches the AED and analyzes her rhythm. The AED announces, "No shock advised." You should suspect: A. your partner did wait until after two minutes of compressions before analyzing her rhythm. B. the patient was moving while the AED was analyzing the rhythm. C. ventricular fibrillation. D. pulseless electrical activity. - ANSWER D. pulseless electrical activity. An unresponsive 71-year-old male is lying in his bed. His wife tells you that she last saw him normal last night when he went to bed. You should first: A. perform a stroke assessment. B. assess his blood glucose level. C. move him to the floor. D. assess his breathing and pulse. - ANSWER D. assess his breathing and pulse. An unresponsive 17-year-old female is taking occasional, gasping breaths. Her lips and tongue are cyanotic. You are unable to palpate a carotid pulse. You should suspect: A. respiratory failure. B. respiratory distress. C. opioid agonist use. D. pulmonary embolism. - ANSWER C. opioid agonist use. An unresponsive 20-year-old male is taking occasional, gasping breaths. You are unable to palpate a carotid pulse. His skin is cyanotic, and his pupils are pinpoint. You should first: A. begin chest compressions. B. attach the AED and analyze his rhythm. C. ventilate him. D. administer naloxone. - ANSWER A. begin chest compressions. An unresponsive 82-year-old female is apneic and pulseless. You are performing chest compressions while your partner gets the AED. When your partner returns with the AED, you should: A. stop compressions, attach the AED, and analyze the rhythm. B. continue compressions while your partner attaches the AED. C. complete the current cycle of compressions before attaching the AED. D. ensure you have completed five cycles of compressions and ventilations before attaching the AED. - ANSWER B. continue compressions while your partner attaches the AED. An unresponsive 48-year-old male is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing chest compressions while you attach the AED. After you press analyze, the AED announces. "Shock advised." While the AED charges, you should ensure your partner: A. prepares to switch positions. B. resumes compressions. C. clears the patient. D. ventilates the patient. - ANSWER B. resumes compressions. An unresponsive 94-year-old female was found by her family on the floor. She is apneic and pulseless. Your partner is performing chest compressions. The AED has analyzed her rhythm and advised that you shock the patient. After the AED has charged, you should next: A. press the Shock button. B. resume chest compressions. C. ventilate her. D. ensure no one is touching her. - ANSWER D. ensure no one is touching her. You are resuscitating an unresponsive 19-year-old male who is in cardiac arrest. After you defibrillate him, you should: A. resume compressions. B. analyze the rhythm. C. check for a pulse. D. ventilate him. - ANSWER A. resume compressions.