Patho-Breast cancer (exam 3, Fall 2022)
besides skin cancer, what is the most common cancer in american women?
breast cancer
What is the second most common killer after lung cancer?
breast cancer
What group has the highest rate of getting breast cancer?
white women
What group is more likely to die from breast cancer?
black women
More than 2/3 of breast cancer cases occur in women who are older than
55 y/o
What is the median age of dx for breast cancer and median age @ death?
61 = dx
68= death
Risk factors for breast cancer <45 y/o
-close relatives w/ breast or ovarian cancer when <45y/o
-male relative with breast cancer
-BRCA1 +/- BRCA2 or close relative with alterations
-Ashkenazi jewish heritage
-radiation tx of breast or chest during childhood/early adulthood
-dx with breast cancer or breast health problems (DCIS)
-high breast density
what is a high-risk breast cancer condition in postpartum women?
pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC)
dx up to 5 y after completed pregnancy
risk may persist for a decade
The transient increase in breast cancer risk for all parous women included events
associated w/ pregnancy, including
pregnancy-related hormones
-progesterone
-growth hormone
-estrogen
that promote or initiate cancer cells
immune suppressive effects of pregnancy and breast tissue involution
, Younger age when first child born ________ risk of breast cancer
decreases
Risk of breast cancer is ______ in parous women compared with nulliparous
women.
decreased
With aging, parenchymal elements progressively atrophy and disappear and is
associated with _______ risk of breast cancer
decreased
delayed involution ________ risk of breast cancer
increases
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen and progesterone in
combination ______ breast cancer risk
increases
Insulin like growth factor
Growth hormone and prolactin:
increase risk of breast cancer
Human chorionic gonadotropin
decreases risk of breast cancer
Hypotheses for breast cancer
ovarian androgen excess: testosterone
estrogens and progesterone levels: ovarian hormonal replacement
estrogens alone: ovarian and hormonal replacement
local biosynthesis of estrogens in breast tissue
Extensive breast density is one of the strongest risk factors for developing
breast cancer
second only to age and carrying BRCA 1/2 mutation
Environmental factors and lifestyle for developing breast cancer
radiation: increase
diet:
-fiber, idoine, soy=decrease
-fat + red meat = increase
wt and alcohol: increase for postmenopausal bc
chemicals: xenoestrogens mimic actions of estrogens
physical activity: decrease
Breast cancer in first degree relative increases a woman's risk
2-3 x for developing breast cancer
most important of dominant genes are breast cancer susceptibility genes
BRCA 1 and BRCA 2
besides skin cancer, what is the most common cancer in american women?
breast cancer
What is the second most common killer after lung cancer?
breast cancer
What group has the highest rate of getting breast cancer?
white women
What group is more likely to die from breast cancer?
black women
More than 2/3 of breast cancer cases occur in women who are older than
55 y/o
What is the median age of dx for breast cancer and median age @ death?
61 = dx
68= death
Risk factors for breast cancer <45 y/o
-close relatives w/ breast or ovarian cancer when <45y/o
-male relative with breast cancer
-BRCA1 +/- BRCA2 or close relative with alterations
-Ashkenazi jewish heritage
-radiation tx of breast or chest during childhood/early adulthood
-dx with breast cancer or breast health problems (DCIS)
-high breast density
what is a high-risk breast cancer condition in postpartum women?
pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC)
dx up to 5 y after completed pregnancy
risk may persist for a decade
The transient increase in breast cancer risk for all parous women included events
associated w/ pregnancy, including
pregnancy-related hormones
-progesterone
-growth hormone
-estrogen
that promote or initiate cancer cells
immune suppressive effects of pregnancy and breast tissue involution
, Younger age when first child born ________ risk of breast cancer
decreases
Risk of breast cancer is ______ in parous women compared with nulliparous
women.
decreased
With aging, parenchymal elements progressively atrophy and disappear and is
associated with _______ risk of breast cancer
decreased
delayed involution ________ risk of breast cancer
increases
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen and progesterone in
combination ______ breast cancer risk
increases
Insulin like growth factor
Growth hormone and prolactin:
increase risk of breast cancer
Human chorionic gonadotropin
decreases risk of breast cancer
Hypotheses for breast cancer
ovarian androgen excess: testosterone
estrogens and progesterone levels: ovarian hormonal replacement
estrogens alone: ovarian and hormonal replacement
local biosynthesis of estrogens in breast tissue
Extensive breast density is one of the strongest risk factors for developing
breast cancer
second only to age and carrying BRCA 1/2 mutation
Environmental factors and lifestyle for developing breast cancer
radiation: increase
diet:
-fiber, idoine, soy=decrease
-fat + red meat = increase
wt and alcohol: increase for postmenopausal bc
chemicals: xenoestrogens mimic actions of estrogens
physical activity: decrease
Breast cancer in first degree relative increases a woman's risk
2-3 x for developing breast cancer
most important of dominant genes are breast cancer susceptibility genes
BRCA 1 and BRCA 2
