NR566 Week One PI Support: Chapter 70-76/NR566 Week One PI Support: Chapter 70-76

NR566 Week One PI Support: Chapter 70-76 -access medicine: with chamberlain- for flash cards and review of books for free Chapter 70 Table 70.1: Classifications of Antimicrobial Drugs by Susceptible Organisms:  Narrow vs. Broad spectrum? o The Difference in antibiotic coverage  broad: covers more and possibly gram – and gram +  narrow: covers just a few microorganisms o Which one is often used as initial treatment when treatment is used before test results?  broad – covers more bacteria and use your knowledge of which bacterium will be likely at that site (UTI- e. coli  use narrow spectrum because you know) o Which one is more likely to facilitate emergence of drug-resistant organisms and superinfections?  broad – affecting more bacteria  secondary infection when treating something else  more common in inappropriate dose/high dose  Give examples of superinfections? o Ex of superinfection: vaginal candida  What antibiotics cover gram + cocci and gram – bacilli? o Ex: narrow spectrum pcn G and V, 3rd gen cephalosporin, broad spectrum pcn (ampicillin), tetracyclines, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones (cirpo), vanco, erythromycin, clindamycin, Carbapenems (imipenem)  What antibiotics cover Mycobacterium tuberculosis? o Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide Antimicrobials MOA  Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) vs. Tetracyclines MOA? o Gentamicin causes lethal inhibition of protein synthesis  breaks into the cells o Tetracycline causes slowing (nonlethal) of protein synthesis  Bactericidal drugs vs. bacteriostatic drug? o bactericidal: more lethal at clinically achievable concentrations o bacteriostatic: slows bacterial growth without killing  Is Gentamicin bactericidal or bacteriostatic? o bactericidal  Is Tetracycline bactericidal or bacteriostatic? o bacteriostatic  What happens when a bacteriostatic and bactericidal agent are used at the same time? o antagonism will occur - decreased effects of bactericidal agent because they cannot kill bacteria unless they are actively growing (bacteriostatic agent suppresses growth) Table 70.3: Drugs for Highly Resistant Bacteria  Microbes have 4 basic mechanisms for resisting drugs: o reduction of drug concentration at its site of action o alteration of drug target molecules o antagonist production o drug activation  What antibiotic has resistance to C. diff? o metronidazole  What antibiotic choices are there to treat C. diff?