Adult Health NR 325 Final Exam 1 Questions and Answer

What is the range of normal blood sugar? -Correct Answer= 70-100 mg/dL What is the purpose of giving basal insulin? -Correct Answer= to regulate blood glucose levels on a consistent basis What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? -Correct Answer= Polydipsia Polyuria Polyphagia Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? -Correct Answer= because your body is trying to get rid of the extra glucose Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? -Correct Answer= because your body thinks its dehydrated from all the urination Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? -Correct Answer= polyphagia means super hungry People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose being let into the cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This makes the body think that it needs more glucose What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? -Correct Answer= -kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing off excess CO2 -altered LOC (may seem intoxicated) -increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium out of the cell) - the 3 P's - sweet fruity smelling breath What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing DKA? Then what would you do? -Correct Answer= First give fluids (isotonic- NS 0.9%NaCl) Then, give regular insulin by IV. *Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing DKA? why? -Correct Answer= they compensate via their respiratory system (deep, rapid respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are in metabolic acidosis. *This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a therapeutic approach is needed to help the problem What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? -Correct Answer= It is used in diabetes and it decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin sensitivity What should be tried before metformin therapy? -Correct Answer= lifestyle changes What makes insulin? -Correct Answer= beta cells in the pancreas Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA ____________________ How long does this stage last? -Correct Answer= honeymoon period lasts 3-12 months after diagnosis It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin is needed because their are still beta cells creating insulin What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? -Correct Answer= They stand for beta cell decline, meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being produced and then the more insulin is needed via medication. If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of diabetes? -Correct Answer= Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough to be labeled diabetes What does A1C measure? -Correct Answer= amount of glucose on hemoglobin in the blood What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-diabetic? -Correct Answer= 140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high enough to be labeled diabetes What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? -Correct Answer= 100-125 mg/dL What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and 2 Hr GTT for someone with Type II DM? -Correct Answer= A1C- 6.4 FBG- /= 126 mg/dL random BG- 200 mg/dL 2 Hr GTT- /= 200 mg/dL Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? -Correct Answer= it tricks the brain because our body cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and causes weight gain Alcohol blocks ____________________________ -Correct Answer= Gluconeogenesis causing low plasma glucose levels When mixing insulins, what is the correct process? -Correct Answer= Air into cloudy Air into clear Draw up clear Draw up cloudy What does basal rate of insulin mean? -Correct Answer= this is the normal amount of insulin you're going to give to a specific patient before meals What is sliding scale insulin? -Correct Answer= units of insulin given on top of basal insulin Ex: you're always going to be giving basal insulin but you may not always be giving sliding scale insulin (it depends on their blood glucose reading) What type of diabetic medication is an insulin stimulator? Give a couple example