Unit 6 Revision Sheet
Managers
Managers are usually responsible for making things happen. Managers normally have authority
over something or someone else and that usually means they are decision makers. Managers
identify resources needed for an action to occur, including
● Physical - equipment required for the task
● Human - the people best suited to the task
● Financial - working within a budget
Action-centered leadership - John Adair say a manager needs to manage the team, task and
individual
Management Functions
1. Planning
2. Organising
3. Coordinating
4. Controlling
5. Monitoring
6. Delegating
Leaders
Leaders are usually the ones that have determined them. Leaders focus on the bigger picture,
such as where the business fits within the global marketplace. They are enthusiastic and drive
growth through inspiration and creativity.
Leadership Functions
1. Inspires
2. Energising
3. Influence stakeholders
4. Envisions
5. Determines the best path
,Management styles (table below for each leadership style)
1. Management by objectives
2. Situational leadership
3. Transformational leadership
4. Transactional leadership
5. Autocratic leadership
6. Democratic leadership
7. Laissez Faire
8. Paternalistic
Management by objectives Situational leadership
the process of setting specific objectives
set by managers for employees to work The situational theory of leadership suggests
towards that no single leadership style is best. The
manager/leader adapts their style to suit the
Advantages situation.
1. giving employees clear goals
improves motivation because both Advantages
manager and the subordinates know 1. It creates a comfortable environment
what is expected of them and hence for workers
there is no confusion. 2. It recognizes the need for flexibility by
2. often highlights the area in which the looking at each individual situation
employees need further training, 3. It helps a team be able to work better
leading to career development. together - strong rapports
3. improves communication between
management and subordinates.
Disadvantages Disadvantages
1. It is based on the skill level of the
1. The emphasis is more on short-term leader.
goals 2. It focuses more on immediate needs
2. Employees may be under pressure to than long-term needs.
get along with the management when 3. It can be ineffective in task-orientated
setting goals and objectives and these environments.
goals may be set unrealistically high.
This may lower their morale and they
may become suspicious about the
philosophy behind MBO
Transformational leadership Transactional leadership
Transformational leadership occurs when Transactional leadership values structure and
leaders perform their roles so effectively that order within each relationship. It is the most
they gain the trust, respect, appreciation and common type of leadership style used in
large corporate environments, international
, loyalty of the people who follow them. This, in agreements, and military operations. It
turn, changes (transforms) people's behaviors focuses on producing results above anything
positively. else and motivates people to achieve them by
offering clear rewards or consequences.
Advantages
Advantages
1. Everyone shares the same values, 1. effectively motivate team members to
goal and visions maximize productivity.
2. Reduces turnover costs - employees 2. creates achievable goals for
feel valued leading to high retention individuals at all levels.
rates 3. creates a system that is easy to
3. Promotes morale through better follow.
communication which keeps the
organisation open and and ethical Disadvantages
1. Lack of focus on building relationships
Disadvantages 2. Difficult to find rewards that motivate
all employees
3. Discourages creativity
1. Can lead to employee burnout
because of the pressure to do well as
employees are inspired by the leader
2. Requires a continuous feedback loop
and a lot of meetings
Autocratic leadership Democratic leadership
Autocratic leaders exercise absolute control The trademark of the democratic leadership
over the team, usually making decisions style is that everyone is encouraged to
based on their own judgment and ideas. They participate. It encourages members of a team
prefer to set their objectives, plan of action, to take on responsibilities in decision-making.
processes and methods independently.
Advantages
Advantages
1. Ensures faster decision making 1. Everyone can participate and can
2. Enhances workplace communication voice their opinion which makes them
3. Improves productivity feel valued and heard. Increasing
employee retention as job satisfaction
Disadvantages is high
1. Results in micromanagement 2. Encourages creativity
2. Creates a lack of trust 3. Strengthens the relationships of a
3. Creates a high-pressure working team
environment
Disadvantages
1. Can lead to procrastination
2. Can be time consuming in a serious
situation, delayed decisions are made
3. It encourages no one to take
responsibility for failure.
Managers
Managers are usually responsible for making things happen. Managers normally have authority
over something or someone else and that usually means they are decision makers. Managers
identify resources needed for an action to occur, including
● Physical - equipment required for the task
● Human - the people best suited to the task
● Financial - working within a budget
Action-centered leadership - John Adair say a manager needs to manage the team, task and
individual
Management Functions
1. Planning
2. Organising
3. Coordinating
4. Controlling
5. Monitoring
6. Delegating
Leaders
Leaders are usually the ones that have determined them. Leaders focus on the bigger picture,
such as where the business fits within the global marketplace. They are enthusiastic and drive
growth through inspiration and creativity.
Leadership Functions
1. Inspires
2. Energising
3. Influence stakeholders
4. Envisions
5. Determines the best path
,Management styles (table below for each leadership style)
1. Management by objectives
2. Situational leadership
3. Transformational leadership
4. Transactional leadership
5. Autocratic leadership
6. Democratic leadership
7. Laissez Faire
8. Paternalistic
Management by objectives Situational leadership
the process of setting specific objectives
set by managers for employees to work The situational theory of leadership suggests
towards that no single leadership style is best. The
manager/leader adapts their style to suit the
Advantages situation.
1. giving employees clear goals
improves motivation because both Advantages
manager and the subordinates know 1. It creates a comfortable environment
what is expected of them and hence for workers
there is no confusion. 2. It recognizes the need for flexibility by
2. often highlights the area in which the looking at each individual situation
employees need further training, 3. It helps a team be able to work better
leading to career development. together - strong rapports
3. improves communication between
management and subordinates.
Disadvantages Disadvantages
1. It is based on the skill level of the
1. The emphasis is more on short-term leader.
goals 2. It focuses more on immediate needs
2. Employees may be under pressure to than long-term needs.
get along with the management when 3. It can be ineffective in task-orientated
setting goals and objectives and these environments.
goals may be set unrealistically high.
This may lower their morale and they
may become suspicious about the
philosophy behind MBO
Transformational leadership Transactional leadership
Transformational leadership occurs when Transactional leadership values structure and
leaders perform their roles so effectively that order within each relationship. It is the most
they gain the trust, respect, appreciation and common type of leadership style used in
large corporate environments, international
, loyalty of the people who follow them. This, in agreements, and military operations. It
turn, changes (transforms) people's behaviors focuses on producing results above anything
positively. else and motivates people to achieve them by
offering clear rewards or consequences.
Advantages
Advantages
1. Everyone shares the same values, 1. effectively motivate team members to
goal and visions maximize productivity.
2. Reduces turnover costs - employees 2. creates achievable goals for
feel valued leading to high retention individuals at all levels.
rates 3. creates a system that is easy to
3. Promotes morale through better follow.
communication which keeps the
organisation open and and ethical Disadvantages
1. Lack of focus on building relationships
Disadvantages 2. Difficult to find rewards that motivate
all employees
3. Discourages creativity
1. Can lead to employee burnout
because of the pressure to do well as
employees are inspired by the leader
2. Requires a continuous feedback loop
and a lot of meetings
Autocratic leadership Democratic leadership
Autocratic leaders exercise absolute control The trademark of the democratic leadership
over the team, usually making decisions style is that everyone is encouraged to
based on their own judgment and ideas. They participate. It encourages members of a team
prefer to set their objectives, plan of action, to take on responsibilities in decision-making.
processes and methods independently.
Advantages
Advantages
1. Ensures faster decision making 1. Everyone can participate and can
2. Enhances workplace communication voice their opinion which makes them
3. Improves productivity feel valued and heard. Increasing
employee retention as job satisfaction
Disadvantages is high
1. Results in micromanagement 2. Encourages creativity
2. Creates a lack of trust 3. Strengthens the relationships of a
3. Creates a high-pressure working team
environment
Disadvantages
1. Can lead to procrastination
2. Can be time consuming in a serious
situation, delayed decisions are made
3. It encourages no one to take
responsibility for failure.
