Project 10- Multiple Oxidation States Oct 27 2020 Lab B01-A

Project 10- Multiple Oxidation States Oct 27 2020 Lab B01-A Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to synthesize Tin (II) iodide and Tin (IV) iodide. The Tin(II) iodide compound was formed by reacting the element of Tin with concentrated hydrochloric acid to first form tin(II) chloride and then underwent a double decomposition reaction with the solution of zinc iodide. Tin(IV) iodide was formed by heating tin in the presence of iodine. The two main oxidation states for tin are +2 and +4. The configuration that forms the +2 oxidation state is the 5s orbital being filled with two electrons and the remaining two electrons in the 5p (higher energy) orbital. Tin can absorb more energy to promote one of the electrons from the 5s orbital to the 5p orbital making it half filled thus forming the +4 oxidation state. The ease of electron promotion and bond strength are key considerations for whether the +4 oxidation state is formed. Since the cost of electron promotion and return of energy for the formation of two additional bonds are of equal magnitude, both oxidation states have a similar chance of occurring. The importance of oxidation states is that it allows one to understand the properties of the chemicals and why redox reactions work. It also explains why certain species are reducing or oxidising agents. Methods For Part A of the experiment, the tin and iodine solution is heated using a hotplate. This solution is then put into an ice-water bath and then vacuum filtration using a Hirsch funnel. The crystals are re-dissolved then put into an ice water bath filtered through vacuum filtration again. Melting Point Apparatus is used to determine the success of the experiment as well as mixing the solutions with KI and water in the presence of acetone. For Part B of the experiment, the tin, HCl and CuSO4 solution is boiled along with the zinc and iodine solution. Gravity filtration is done using a filter pipet for both solutions and then both are mixed. The SnI2 solution is then put in an ice water bath and filtered through vacuum filtration. The crude yield is dissolved again by heating then put into an ice water bath along with vacuum filtration to get the final product. Melting point is also measured for this product. Results: Table for Product A and Product B Measurements and Theoretical Yield Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mol) Weight Measured (g) Moles (mol)