C207 WGU questions and answers 2023
What is the key focus on analysis? - answer To predict trends using quantitative data.
What are the four levels of measurement? - answer 1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
Nominal data - answer is categorical. It has no numerical value. It's not a number.
Examples:
-the types of pizza you sell
-meatball
-veggie
-cheese
(these are labels, they can't be added or subtracted)
Ordinal data - answer is ranked, but doesn't have a specific value.
Example:
-the size of pizza (small, medium, large)
(we can't add or subtract these but we can put them in sequential order)
- order (key word)
- no numerical value
Interval data - answer data is numeric. You can add and subtract it. It has a sequential
value. Each value is equally spaced from the previous value.
Example:
- drink sizes are interval (16 oz, 20 oz, 24 oz) they are equally spaced about (4 oz
spaced)
Ratio data - answer is numeric. Your sales per day are ratio data.
Example"
- 10 sales of $12.99 a piece = $129.99
(the value has a true value from zero)
To challenge the validity and reliability of data, ask two things. - answer Are there any
outliers and are there any errors?
Outliers - answer Don't throw them out. Do them in both ways.
Example:
last week, you were closed for two days for renovations. Sales were a zero for those
two days. That's an outlier. You include the outliers to know how its effecting your
bottom line.
2 categories of errors - answer 1. Random
,2. Systematic
Random error - answer is something that happens just once and will not repeat over
time.
Example:
if you are trying to find average delivery times and one delivery was effected by a four
hour Chicago traffic delay, that's random.
Systematic error - answer is when your deliveries (example) are slow and it is not by
chance.
Example:
A delivery driver has nursed the fuel injector on his car for the past six months. It breaks
down one out of every 20 deliveries he makes. This is Systematic error. It repeats itself.
Omission error - answer An error because something is missing.
Example:
A delivery driver didn't clock in or out for his delivery. That data will not be included in
study and it's relevant.
-A data set with an omission error is defined as distorted.
out of range error - answer
What is used to reduce errors? - answer a number of quality control tools.
Example:
a survey customers take only allows them to select responses from a list. That way,
they can't type anything in wrong.
Treatment - answer Example: You want to make a crispier pizza and to do this, you
apply three different sets of oil to three different pizza to measure the crispiness of the
crust.
Blind study - answer when the subjects don't know if they are receiving the treatment or
a placebo (a harmless procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit of the
recipient)
Double blind study - answer An experiment in which neither the participant nor the
researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo (a
harmless procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit of the recipient)
Descriptive - answer
For companies to attract and retain their best customers they need a complete portrait
of who they are. To develop this portrait companies turn to... - answer analytics
, A manufacturer wants to maximize their factory output while specifically minimizing
labor costs. What type of analytics might they employ to achieve this goal? - answer
prescriptive analytics
What type of data error that occurs in measurement is constant within a data set and is
sometimes caused by faulty equipment or bias? - answer measurement bias
A city government is trying to determine the national origins of its recent immigrant
population. If a survey of the immigrant population is conducted in English what type of
error be present in the data? - answer Omission
The use of Big Data is increasingly important to businesses in competitive markets.
Which of the following characteristics is not true of big data? - answer can be analyzed
with traditional spreadsheets
The Davenport-Kim three-stage model consists of framing the problem, solving the
problem, and communicating results. Which two of the following are part of framing the
problem stage? - answer -determine the scope of the problem
-review of previous findings
A healthcare provider is researching blood glucose levels before and after exercising.
What two elements should be part of any experimental study such as this? - answer
treatment procedures
Runners cover 26.2 miles in the Olympics marathon. What level of measurement is
this? - answer ratio
What level of measurement is the type of cars produced in Ford factory? - answer
nominal
What level of measurement is this the 10 best cities in the U.S. to retire in? - answer
Ordinal
What level of measurement are women's dress sizes (2,4,6, etc.)? - answer Interval
A local school board is studying the impact of a proposed change in testing on math
scores. Bias can be introduced into the study by both students and teachers. Which
research technique would eliminate this type of bias? - answer Double blind study
A Company's product development team test 3 new car waxes by waxing 5 cars with
each wax and then running them through a car wash. They then record number of
washes it takes before the wax begins to deteriorate. What is the term for the five cars?
- answer The experimental unit
Random sample - answer samples need to be the right size and represent your
population.
What is the key focus on analysis? - answer To predict trends using quantitative data.
What are the four levels of measurement? - answer 1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
Nominal data - answer is categorical. It has no numerical value. It's not a number.
Examples:
-the types of pizza you sell
-meatball
-veggie
-cheese
(these are labels, they can't be added or subtracted)
Ordinal data - answer is ranked, but doesn't have a specific value.
Example:
-the size of pizza (small, medium, large)
(we can't add or subtract these but we can put them in sequential order)
- order (key word)
- no numerical value
Interval data - answer data is numeric. You can add and subtract it. It has a sequential
value. Each value is equally spaced from the previous value.
Example:
- drink sizes are interval (16 oz, 20 oz, 24 oz) they are equally spaced about (4 oz
spaced)
Ratio data - answer is numeric. Your sales per day are ratio data.
Example"
- 10 sales of $12.99 a piece = $129.99
(the value has a true value from zero)
To challenge the validity and reliability of data, ask two things. - answer Are there any
outliers and are there any errors?
Outliers - answer Don't throw them out. Do them in both ways.
Example:
last week, you were closed for two days for renovations. Sales were a zero for those
two days. That's an outlier. You include the outliers to know how its effecting your
bottom line.
2 categories of errors - answer 1. Random
,2. Systematic
Random error - answer is something that happens just once and will not repeat over
time.
Example:
if you are trying to find average delivery times and one delivery was effected by a four
hour Chicago traffic delay, that's random.
Systematic error - answer is when your deliveries (example) are slow and it is not by
chance.
Example:
A delivery driver has nursed the fuel injector on his car for the past six months. It breaks
down one out of every 20 deliveries he makes. This is Systematic error. It repeats itself.
Omission error - answer An error because something is missing.
Example:
A delivery driver didn't clock in or out for his delivery. That data will not be included in
study and it's relevant.
-A data set with an omission error is defined as distorted.
out of range error - answer
What is used to reduce errors? - answer a number of quality control tools.
Example:
a survey customers take only allows them to select responses from a list. That way,
they can't type anything in wrong.
Treatment - answer Example: You want to make a crispier pizza and to do this, you
apply three different sets of oil to three different pizza to measure the crispiness of the
crust.
Blind study - answer when the subjects don't know if they are receiving the treatment or
a placebo (a harmless procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit of the
recipient)
Double blind study - answer An experiment in which neither the participant nor the
researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo (a
harmless procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit of the recipient)
Descriptive - answer
For companies to attract and retain their best customers they need a complete portrait
of who they are. To develop this portrait companies turn to... - answer analytics
, A manufacturer wants to maximize their factory output while specifically minimizing
labor costs. What type of analytics might they employ to achieve this goal? - answer
prescriptive analytics
What type of data error that occurs in measurement is constant within a data set and is
sometimes caused by faulty equipment or bias? - answer measurement bias
A city government is trying to determine the national origins of its recent immigrant
population. If a survey of the immigrant population is conducted in English what type of
error be present in the data? - answer Omission
The use of Big Data is increasingly important to businesses in competitive markets.
Which of the following characteristics is not true of big data? - answer can be analyzed
with traditional spreadsheets
The Davenport-Kim three-stage model consists of framing the problem, solving the
problem, and communicating results. Which two of the following are part of framing the
problem stage? - answer -determine the scope of the problem
-review of previous findings
A healthcare provider is researching blood glucose levels before and after exercising.
What two elements should be part of any experimental study such as this? - answer
treatment procedures
Runners cover 26.2 miles in the Olympics marathon. What level of measurement is
this? - answer ratio
What level of measurement is the type of cars produced in Ford factory? - answer
nominal
What level of measurement is this the 10 best cities in the U.S. to retire in? - answer
Ordinal
What level of measurement are women's dress sizes (2,4,6, etc.)? - answer Interval
A local school board is studying the impact of a proposed change in testing on math
scores. Bias can be introduced into the study by both students and teachers. Which
research technique would eliminate this type of bias? - answer Double blind study
A Company's product development team test 3 new car waxes by waxing 5 cars with
each wax and then running them through a car wash. They then record number of
washes it takes before the wax begins to deteriorate. What is the term for the five cars?
- answer The experimental unit
Random sample - answer samples need to be the right size and represent your
population.
