GENERAL ANESTHESIA
, 2.3.1 Definition
Anesthesia means a state with no pain. General anesthesia is a condition
characterized by loss of perception of all sensations due to drug induction. In this case, in
addition to the loss of pain, consciousness is also lost. General anesthetics consist of a
heterogeneous group of chemical compounds which reversibly depress the CNS with
nearly the same spectrum and can be controlled. General anesthetic drugs can be
administered by inhalation and intravenously. General anesthetic drugs given by
inhalation (volatile gases and liquids), the most important of which are N2O, halothane,
enflurane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane. General anesthetic drugs used intravenously,
namely thiobarbiturates, narcotic-analgesics, other alkaloid compounds and similar
molecules, and some special drugs such as ketamine.
To determine the prognosis, the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists)
makes a classification based on the pre-anesthesia patient's physical status which divides
the patient into 5 groups or categories as follows:
ASA 1, namely the patient is in good health who requires surgery.
ASA 2, namely patients with mild to moderate systemic abnormalities either due to
surgical disease or other diseases. For example, patients with ureteral stones with
hypertension being controlled, or patients with acute appendicitis with leukocytosis
and fever.
ASA 3, namely patients with severe systemic disorders or diseases caused by
various causes. For example, patients with perforated appendicitis with septicemia,
or patients with obstructive ileus with myocardial ischemia.
ASA 4, namely patients with severe systemic disorders that directly threaten their
lives.
ASA 5, namely patients with severe systemic disorders who are no longer able to be
helped, whether operated on or not within 24 hours the patient will die. Examples
are elderly patients with cranial base hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock due to
hepatic rupture. The ASA classification is also used in emergency surgery by
including an emergency sign (E = emergency), for example ASA 1 E.
, 2.3.1 Definition
Anesthesia means a state with no pain. General anesthesia is a condition
characterized by loss of perception of all sensations due to drug induction. In this case, in
addition to the loss of pain, consciousness is also lost. General anesthetics consist of a
heterogeneous group of chemical compounds which reversibly depress the CNS with
nearly the same spectrum and can be controlled. General anesthetic drugs can be
administered by inhalation and intravenously. General anesthetic drugs given by
inhalation (volatile gases and liquids), the most important of which are N2O, halothane,
enflurane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane. General anesthetic drugs used intravenously,
namely thiobarbiturates, narcotic-analgesics, other alkaloid compounds and similar
molecules, and some special drugs such as ketamine.
To determine the prognosis, the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists)
makes a classification based on the pre-anesthesia patient's physical status which divides
the patient into 5 groups or categories as follows:
ASA 1, namely the patient is in good health who requires surgery.
ASA 2, namely patients with mild to moderate systemic abnormalities either due to
surgical disease or other diseases. For example, patients with ureteral stones with
hypertension being controlled, or patients with acute appendicitis with leukocytosis
and fever.
ASA 3, namely patients with severe systemic disorders or diseases caused by
various causes. For example, patients with perforated appendicitis with septicemia,
or patients with obstructive ileus with myocardial ischemia.
ASA 4, namely patients with severe systemic disorders that directly threaten their
lives.
ASA 5, namely patients with severe systemic disorders who are no longer able to be
helped, whether operated on or not within 24 hours the patient will die. Examples
are elderly patients with cranial base hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock due to
hepatic rupture. The ASA classification is also used in emergency surgery by
including an emergency sign (E = emergency), for example ASA 1 E.
