WGU C785 Final Exam With All
The Correct Answers
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? -
correct answer amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or
COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains:
non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? - correct answer
Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end
with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains
make? - correct answer ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? - correct answer Primary -
linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused
by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain
interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple
subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? - correct
answer hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or
decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide -
reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? -
correct answer hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding? - correct answer
Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart =
malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? - correct answer Can cause
structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a
different protein.
What is an electron? - correct answer Negatively charged atom on outer
ring for bonding
What is energy: - correct answer Power derived fro chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? - correct answer chemical bond, atoms share
1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond? - correct answer bond between positive and
negative
,what is a hydrogen bond? - correct answer weak bond between positive
and negative
, with an amino? - correct answer piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl? - correct answer piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic? - correct answer Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic? - correct answer Water loving, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond? - correct answer strongest bond between
reduction agents, formed between SH's.
what are zwitterions? - correct answer amino with positive and
negative charges = overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide - correct answer polymer of amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis? - correct answer Process of forming
peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? - correct answer adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? - correct answer twisted secondary structure,
formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? - correct answer folded second structure shape,
formed by hydrogen bonds
what is denaturation? - correct answer loss of shape duet o interruption
of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp, pH
what is aggregation? - correct answer clumping of inner or outer cellular
proteins caused by misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as
Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? - correct answer bind with substrates
to decrease activation energy required and decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? -
correct answer decrease activation energy and decrease reaction
rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle? - correct answer enzyme
recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate
complex is formed; enzyme-product complex formed; product is
released, enzyme recycled
how do environmental changes affect enzymes? - correct answer High
heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and reducing agents can
cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose function
what is a competitive inhibitor? - correct answer Mimics substrate
and takes its place on the active binding site
The Correct Answers
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? -
correct answer amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or
COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains:
non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? - correct answer
Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end
with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains
make? - correct answer ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? - correct answer Primary -
linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused
by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain
interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple
subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? - correct
answer hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or
decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide -
reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? -
correct answer hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding? - correct answer
Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart =
malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? - correct answer Can cause
structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a
different protein.
What is an electron? - correct answer Negatively charged atom on outer
ring for bonding
What is energy: - correct answer Power derived fro chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? - correct answer chemical bond, atoms share
1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond? - correct answer bond between positive and
negative
,what is a hydrogen bond? - correct answer weak bond between positive
and negative
, with an amino? - correct answer piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl? - correct answer piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic? - correct answer Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic? - correct answer Water loving, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond? - correct answer strongest bond between
reduction agents, formed between SH's.
what are zwitterions? - correct answer amino with positive and
negative charges = overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide - correct answer polymer of amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis? - correct answer Process of forming
peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? - correct answer adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? - correct answer twisted secondary structure,
formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? - correct answer folded second structure shape,
formed by hydrogen bonds
what is denaturation? - correct answer loss of shape duet o interruption
of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp, pH
what is aggregation? - correct answer clumping of inner or outer cellular
proteins caused by misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as
Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? - correct answer bind with substrates
to decrease activation energy required and decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? -
correct answer decrease activation energy and decrease reaction
rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle? - correct answer enzyme
recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate
complex is formed; enzyme-product complex formed; product is
released, enzyme recycled
how do environmental changes affect enzymes? - correct answer High
heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and reducing agents can
cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose function
what is a competitive inhibitor? - correct answer Mimics substrate
and takes its place on the active binding site
