MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION and challenges involved, we should begin with
identifying the root/where it came from and its
1. What is multicultural education? causes. This broadens one's viewpoint,
allowing one to better see the larger picture
Multicultural education recognizes and values
and appropriately assess the situation. As an
the differences among students' cultures while
upper hand, we have to become a merchant of
preparing them to succeed in a diverse world.
hope to find ways to solve and eradicate the
It is a way that schools use or practice to
issues and challenges that cause
ensure that all of their students have equal
inconvenience and complication to everyone.
access to quality educational opportunities.
When the culture and organization of the
school are modified in ways that allow children
from varied racial, ethnic, and gender groups to SOCIAL SYSTEM OF THE SCHOOL
experience equality, and equal status,
The School
empowering school culture and social structure
are developed. - Is a system of social interaction.
- It is an organized whole comprising
2. Why do I need a course in
interacting personalities bound together
multicultural education?
in an organic relationship.
Multicultural education allows students from - As a social system, it is characterized by
many cultural groups to converse and interact an interdependence of parts, a clearly
with one another. It is needed because it defined population, differentiation from
attempts to give us students educational its environment, a complex network of
experiences that allow us to keep connections social relationships and its own culture.
to our community cultures. Students may
Social System
remove themselves from other cultural groups
because they are unfamiliar with their origins, - A social organization.
histories, belief systems, or where distinctions - A group of elements and activities that
and similarities occur. By promoting interact and constitute a single social
multicultural education, it'll help to dispel some entity.
of the misconceptions that students have about - A model or organization that possess
particular cultural groups, as well as the stigma creativity beyond its component parts; it
that they place on these groups. is distinguished from its environment by
a clearly defined boundary; it is
3. How do we understand and respond
composed of subunits, elements and
to the issues and challenges involved as
subsystems that are interrelated within
leaders, educators, and education
relatively stable patterns of social order.
stakeholders?
What does “Social System” refers to?
"With great power comes great responsibility,"
is a well-known quote from the film Spiderman. - Refers to activities and interaction of
Like the protagonist in this film, leaders, groups consisting of members brought
educators, and education stakeholders have together for a common purpose.
the ability to respond to concerns and
challenges for the good of others. In order for e.g. Classroom
us to understand and respond to the issues Ethos
, Norm Outputs
Values
- Achievement
Psychological aspects
- Job satisfaction
Basic Assumption for Social System - Absenteeism
Models - Dropout rate
- Overall quality
Assumption - Discrepancy between actual and
- Is a fact/statement that is taken for expected performance.
granted. Key Elements of the School as a Social
1. Social systems are open systems. System
2. Social systems consist of
interdependent parts, characteristics, Schools are social systems with the following
and activities that contribute to and key parts:
receive from the whole.
Structure: roles are expectations of
3. Social systems are peopled.
4. Social systems are goal oriented. positions that are arranged in a
5. Social systems are structural. hierarchy.
Individual: the individual is a key unit in
6. Social systems are normative.
any social system; regardless of
7. Social systems are sanction bearing.
8. Social systems are political. position, people bring with them
9. Social systems have distinctive cultures. individual needs, beliefs, and a cognitive
understandings of the job.
10. Social systems are conceptual and
Culture: represents the unwritten
relative.
11. All formal organizations are social feeling part of the organizations: its
shared values.
system: but all social systems are not
Politics: informal power relations that
formal organizations.
develop spontaneously.
Social System Model for Schools Core: the teaching-learning process is
the technical core of schools.
Input Environment: everything outside the
- Environmental constraints organization; source of inputs.
- Human and capital resources Outputs: the products of the
- Mission and board policy organizations, e.g. educated students.
- Materials and methods Feedback: communication that
monitors behavior.
Environment Effectiveness: the congruence
between expected and actual outcomes.
Transformation process:
--------------
-structural system (bureaucratic expectations)
1. Social Identities
-political system (power relations)
Social identities reflect how we see
- Individual system (cognition and motivation)
ourselves and how others see us with respect
- Cultural system (shared orientation) to major social categories. Their meanings are
not fixed, but take shape in particular social
, contexts. They are sometimes obvious and Self-selection bias is likely to occur because
clear, sometimes not obvious and unclear, only residents who can actually read English
often self-claimed and frequently ascribed by will respond to the survey. This means the
others. opinions of survey respondents are unlikely to
match the opinions of all residents in the town.
How we see ourselves (and how others see
us) can vary depending on particular contexts 4. Multiracialism
and who the others are in a given situation.
Even with such contingencies and contexts, we Identifying as multiracial means having two or
more races within your genealogy. People who
nonetheless can have a general sense about
our identities. identify with more than one race also may use
terms such as "biracial" and "mixed race" to
2. Heterogeneity describe themselves.
According to Oxford dictionary learner’s For example, a man whose mother is Asian
dictionary, the meaning of heterogeneous is and whose father is white. This may seem like
something that is consisting of many kinds of someone who could easily be categorized as
things-let that something be different types of multiracial. Multiracialism is not limited to
things or people. So, by the phrase “biracial” because some individuals have more
“heterogeneous society” we mean such a than just to races.
society which consists of different kinds of
5. Intersectionality
people from various reason of the world-which
is basically a society that is ethnically The interconnected nature of social
heterogeneous. categorizations such as race, class, and
gender, regarded as creating overlapping and
interdependent systems of discrimination or
Inside an ethnically heterogeneous society disadvantage; a theoretical approach based on
there might further heterogeneity in terms of such a premise. (Oxford Dictionary) In other
faith or belief system. words, intersectionality is the
acknowledgement that everyone has their own
For example, India is heterogeneous society in unique experiences of discrimination and
terms of religious system because there are oppression and we must consider everything
Indians who are following various major world and anything that can marginalize people –
religions. gender, race, class, sexual orientation,
3. Self-selection physical ability, etc.
A self-selecting survey allows respondents to History of Multicultural Education and U.S.
put themselves into the sample. Another name Schooling
for this kind of survey is an open access Reporter/s: Acevedo and Montero
survey. This is common on social media,
where users can generate their own ‘polls’. Multicultural education is a movement for
Websites can carry clickable surveys on fairness, social justice, and democracy as well
pages. Self-selection bias occurs when as a philosophy and strategy to school reform.
individuals select themselves to be included in Multicultural education experts stress various
a survey. components and cultural groups.
identifying the root/where it came from and its
1. What is multicultural education? causes. This broadens one's viewpoint,
allowing one to better see the larger picture
Multicultural education recognizes and values
and appropriately assess the situation. As an
the differences among students' cultures while
upper hand, we have to become a merchant of
preparing them to succeed in a diverse world.
hope to find ways to solve and eradicate the
It is a way that schools use or practice to
issues and challenges that cause
ensure that all of their students have equal
inconvenience and complication to everyone.
access to quality educational opportunities.
When the culture and organization of the
school are modified in ways that allow children
from varied racial, ethnic, and gender groups to SOCIAL SYSTEM OF THE SCHOOL
experience equality, and equal status,
The School
empowering school culture and social structure
are developed. - Is a system of social interaction.
- It is an organized whole comprising
2. Why do I need a course in
interacting personalities bound together
multicultural education?
in an organic relationship.
Multicultural education allows students from - As a social system, it is characterized by
many cultural groups to converse and interact an interdependence of parts, a clearly
with one another. It is needed because it defined population, differentiation from
attempts to give us students educational its environment, a complex network of
experiences that allow us to keep connections social relationships and its own culture.
to our community cultures. Students may
Social System
remove themselves from other cultural groups
because they are unfamiliar with their origins, - A social organization.
histories, belief systems, or where distinctions - A group of elements and activities that
and similarities occur. By promoting interact and constitute a single social
multicultural education, it'll help to dispel some entity.
of the misconceptions that students have about - A model or organization that possess
particular cultural groups, as well as the stigma creativity beyond its component parts; it
that they place on these groups. is distinguished from its environment by
a clearly defined boundary; it is
3. How do we understand and respond
composed of subunits, elements and
to the issues and challenges involved as
subsystems that are interrelated within
leaders, educators, and education
relatively stable patterns of social order.
stakeholders?
What does “Social System” refers to?
"With great power comes great responsibility,"
is a well-known quote from the film Spiderman. - Refers to activities and interaction of
Like the protagonist in this film, leaders, groups consisting of members brought
educators, and education stakeholders have together for a common purpose.
the ability to respond to concerns and
challenges for the good of others. In order for e.g. Classroom
us to understand and respond to the issues Ethos
, Norm Outputs
Values
- Achievement
Psychological aspects
- Job satisfaction
Basic Assumption for Social System - Absenteeism
Models - Dropout rate
- Overall quality
Assumption - Discrepancy between actual and
- Is a fact/statement that is taken for expected performance.
granted. Key Elements of the School as a Social
1. Social systems are open systems. System
2. Social systems consist of
interdependent parts, characteristics, Schools are social systems with the following
and activities that contribute to and key parts:
receive from the whole.
Structure: roles are expectations of
3. Social systems are peopled.
4. Social systems are goal oriented. positions that are arranged in a
5. Social systems are structural. hierarchy.
Individual: the individual is a key unit in
6. Social systems are normative.
any social system; regardless of
7. Social systems are sanction bearing.
8. Social systems are political. position, people bring with them
9. Social systems have distinctive cultures. individual needs, beliefs, and a cognitive
understandings of the job.
10. Social systems are conceptual and
Culture: represents the unwritten
relative.
11. All formal organizations are social feeling part of the organizations: its
shared values.
system: but all social systems are not
Politics: informal power relations that
formal organizations.
develop spontaneously.
Social System Model for Schools Core: the teaching-learning process is
the technical core of schools.
Input Environment: everything outside the
- Environmental constraints organization; source of inputs.
- Human and capital resources Outputs: the products of the
- Mission and board policy organizations, e.g. educated students.
- Materials and methods Feedback: communication that
monitors behavior.
Environment Effectiveness: the congruence
between expected and actual outcomes.
Transformation process:
--------------
-structural system (bureaucratic expectations)
1. Social Identities
-political system (power relations)
Social identities reflect how we see
- Individual system (cognition and motivation)
ourselves and how others see us with respect
- Cultural system (shared orientation) to major social categories. Their meanings are
not fixed, but take shape in particular social
, contexts. They are sometimes obvious and Self-selection bias is likely to occur because
clear, sometimes not obvious and unclear, only residents who can actually read English
often self-claimed and frequently ascribed by will respond to the survey. This means the
others. opinions of survey respondents are unlikely to
match the opinions of all residents in the town.
How we see ourselves (and how others see
us) can vary depending on particular contexts 4. Multiracialism
and who the others are in a given situation.
Even with such contingencies and contexts, we Identifying as multiracial means having two or
more races within your genealogy. People who
nonetheless can have a general sense about
our identities. identify with more than one race also may use
terms such as "biracial" and "mixed race" to
2. Heterogeneity describe themselves.
According to Oxford dictionary learner’s For example, a man whose mother is Asian
dictionary, the meaning of heterogeneous is and whose father is white. This may seem like
something that is consisting of many kinds of someone who could easily be categorized as
things-let that something be different types of multiracial. Multiracialism is not limited to
things or people. So, by the phrase “biracial” because some individuals have more
“heterogeneous society” we mean such a than just to races.
society which consists of different kinds of
5. Intersectionality
people from various reason of the world-which
is basically a society that is ethnically The interconnected nature of social
heterogeneous. categorizations such as race, class, and
gender, regarded as creating overlapping and
interdependent systems of discrimination or
Inside an ethnically heterogeneous society disadvantage; a theoretical approach based on
there might further heterogeneity in terms of such a premise. (Oxford Dictionary) In other
faith or belief system. words, intersectionality is the
acknowledgement that everyone has their own
For example, India is heterogeneous society in unique experiences of discrimination and
terms of religious system because there are oppression and we must consider everything
Indians who are following various major world and anything that can marginalize people –
religions. gender, race, class, sexual orientation,
3. Self-selection physical ability, etc.
A self-selecting survey allows respondents to History of Multicultural Education and U.S.
put themselves into the sample. Another name Schooling
for this kind of survey is an open access Reporter/s: Acevedo and Montero
survey. This is common on social media,
where users can generate their own ‘polls’. Multicultural education is a movement for
Websites can carry clickable surveys on fairness, social justice, and democracy as well
pages. Self-selection bias occurs when as a philosophy and strategy to school reform.
individuals select themselves to be included in Multicultural education experts stress various
a survey. components and cultural groups.
