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Nephrology Exam questions with correct answers

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What are the top 5 functions of the kidneys? -remove waste -control BP by secreting renin which initiates RAAS -stimulates RBC production by secretion of EPO -maintains bone health by secreting calcitriol -- reducing Ca2+ loss -controls pH What make up about 90% of all renal cancers? renal cell carcinoma (parenchyma)- includes adenocarcinomas 00:05 01:08 What are the types of renal cancers? -renal cell carcinoma (includes adenocarcinoma) -transitional cell carcinoma - renal pelvis (linked with cigarette smoking) -wilms' tumor renal sarcoma- originated from vasculature or connective tissue of kidney Describe the presentation of a patient with renal cell carcinoma. -gross or microscopic hematuria -flank pain or mass -fever, weight loss -solid renal mass on imaging -night sweats, fever, malaise, weight loss -erythrocytosis but anemia is more common -hypercalcemia -stauffer syndrome - hepatic dysfunction in absence of liver metastasis What are risk factors for renal cell carcinoma? -cigarette smoking is the only environmental risk factor -obesity, HTN, acquired cystic kidney disease associated with dialysis, ADPKD -familial causes Which renal cancer is associated with paraneoplastic syndrome? renal cell carcinoma -Paraneoplastic syndrome is symptoms due to remote effects of cancer What is the best initial test for renal cell carcinoma? -US because it is inexpensive, without radiation and high sensitivity -then do CT or MRI -then biopsy or nephrectomy -bone scan if metastasis is suspected What is the treatment for renal cell carcinoma? -surgery is gold standard - partial or radical- curative in stages 1-3 -resistant to chemo or radiation Describe renal cell carcinoma staging. I: confined to renal capsule and 7cm II: confined to renal capsule and 7cm III: extends through renal capsule but not through fascia; renal vein, IVC, or regional nodal involvement IV: extends through fascia or with distant metastasis What is Wilms' tumor? -nephroblastoma -most common renal malignancy in children -African Americans are more at risk Describe the presentation of a patient with Wilms' tumor? -abdominal swelling or mass w/o other symptoms- rarely crosses midline -abdominal pain -hematuria -HTN -may have subcapsular hemorrhage (fever, rapid abd enlargement, anemia, HTN) Which patients should be screened for Wilms' tumor? -Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome every 3 months until age 7 -WAGR syndrome every 3 months until age 5 Describe the workup in a patient with a Wilms' tumor? -US then CT or MRI -evaluate for lung metastasis -SCr, CMP, UA, maybe coagulation studies if indicated Describe the staging of a Wilms' tumor. I: limited to kidney and completely excised w/o rupture or biopsy- renal capsule intact II: tumor extends through renal capsule but all is removed- vessels outside kidney contain tumor - OR "local spillage on removal" III: residual tumor confined to abd - involvement of abd lymph nodes- "diffuse" contamination by rupture- microscopic margins positive post resection IV: hematogenous metastasis at any site V: bilateral renal involvement How are Wilms' tumors treated? -surgical excision -CTX (chemotherapy) with low risk tumors -XRT (radiation) for advanced stage and histology What is the prognosis of Wilms' tumor? 5 year survival of 90% follow with CT - pulmonary and abdominal Q3mo/2 years then Q6mo/2 more years What is ADPKD? Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease -cysts increase with age -most common hereditary disorder in the US Describe the presentation of ADPKD. -often have HTN and abdominal mass (palpable kidneys) -family history -abdominal/ flank pain -hematuria -Hx of UTI/ nephrolithiasis What genetic mutations were found for ADPKD? PKD1 and PKD2 -PKD1 has worse prognosis and faster progression of disease How is ADPKD treated? treat symptoms -Abd/ flank pain: cyst decompression/drainage/ removal and analgesics -Hematuria: bed rest, hydration -renal infection: ABX- fluoroquinolones, bactrim, chloramphenicol -nephrolithiasis: hydration -HTN: cyst decompression and aggressive pharmacotherapy to prolong ESRD -cerebral aneurysms and other vascular problems may occur -Vasopressin receptor antagonist can slow worsening of kidney function -avoid caffeine, low protein, low salt diet A patient has a urinalysis done and it comes back with Bence Jones protein, what might they have? multiple myeloma -Bence Jones protein is light chain Ig - causes renal toxicity and obstruction -hypercalcemia is also found How is multiple myeloma treated? -correct hypercalcemia -volume repletion -chemo for MM How much of the total body water does ICF make up? Which ions are found there? 2/3 K+, Phosphate, Sulfate

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BUAD421 exam 1
Organizations need to successfully manage different forms of capital. Tanya and Tyrone are
entrepreneurs starting a company called TWT ("Total Wellness Totally") that will provide paying
members with nutritional consulting with registered dieticians, fitness classes from personal trainers,
and stress management programs led by counselors, massage therapists, and yoga instructors.
Members will also have access to a gym equipped with a full weight room, pool, and other exercise
equipment. The pool and exercise equipment like treadmills and bikes are considered_______assets of
TWTcorrect answerPhysical

Tanya and Tyrone are in the process of hiring employees for their new TWT ("Total Wellness Totally")
business. The employees represent________and will include full-time and-part-time nutritionists,
personal trainers, and massage therapists.correct answerHuman Capital

One thing that is special about TWT ("Total Wellness Totally") is that the founders have created a unique
customized system which assesses each individual and creates a personalized nutrition and fitness plan
tailored to that person along with customized vitamin supplements. This TWT customized system has
been patented and represents_______of the companycorrect answerIntellectual Property

Which term below best describes a situation in which an HR manager conducts cost-benefit analyses to
examine the impact of contracting jobs domestically and internationally?correct answerOutsourcing
analysis

Which term below best describes a situation in which an HR manager evaluates all HR activities (like
selection, training, and compensation) to make sure that they are consistent with the organization's
overall goals?correct answerAligning HR activities

Elizabeth is an employee at Gaggle, a large organization that is devoted to wildlife conservation,
education, and research. Elizabeth develops and validates hiring tools like structured interviews and
personality tests so that Gaggle ensures that they hire the best employees. Which HR function best
describes Elizabeth's role?correct answerStaffing

Shu Lin works in the HR Department for BigBucksBankers. Shu Lin's primary responsibilities currently
include 1) conducting job evaluations; 2) administering salary surveys to assess market rates for
different jobs; and 3) researching best practices for employee "pay-for-performance" incentive plans.
Which HR function best describes Shu Lin's role?correct answerRewards: Compensation and Benefits

Kane is an American citizen and an employee of Laptops Inc. located in Seattle, Washington. The
company is headquartered in Austria. Kane best illustratescorrect answerHost-Country National (citizen
of one country working in that country and employed by an organization headquartered in another
country)

Which of the following activities has most likely become more efficient as a result of advances in HR
technology?correct answerScanning and sorting resumes

The______was passed in 2002 by Congress as a reaction to major corporate and accounting scandals in
U.S. companies like Enron and Worldcom.correct answerSarbanes-Oxley Act

, Which of the following HR employees is most accurately described as a "generalist"?correct
answerRyan, who works for a local daycare facility and is responsible for recruiting, selecting, training,
and compensating daycare employees

The most widely known HR certification are the PHR (Professional in Human Resources) and the SPHR
(Senior Professional in Human Resources), both sponsored by the HRCI. Visit the HRCI website
(http://www.hrci.org/) and use the search function to find information about the PHR and SPHR exams.
Which of the following content areas is NOT assessed on the PHR exam NOR on the SPHR exam?correct
answerFinancial and Accounting Requirements

Which of the following areas of content knowledge is MORE heavily tested (as a percentage of the total
certification in the SPHR (Senior Professional in Human Resources) than in the PHR (Professional in
Human Resources)?correct answerBusiness Management and Strategy

Netflix is an internet television network that currently boasts the world's largest paying membership
(Source: 2015 Netflix investor relations overview, Netflix website). The company was founded in 1997
and its early years were focused on subscription services mailing loaned DVDs to subscribers. Today,
however, Netflix has reallocated resources of the organization in significant ways. For example,
according to Netflix's "long-term view" statement to investors, the company plans to spend $3 billion in
content development for its members in 2015. Indeed, Netflix has already won major awards for shows
like House of Cards, aired only by Netflix. As this example illustrates, companies like Netflix must engage
in_______to remain relevant and competitive in the ever-changing environment of technology
advancements, social trends, and legal regulations.correct answerOngoing strategic planning

The practice of "forcing strategic asset reallocation" used by former Exxon CEO Lee Raymond is
described in Chapter 2.1 "HR Perspective" of the textbook. Which of the following answers most
accurately reflects the practice of forced strategic asset reallocation?correct answerIt can be a healthy
part of strategy which often leads to healthy turnover and change

Tomaso's Pizza is not your everyday pizza restaurant. With three locations in Iowa, Tomaso's Pizza has
won numerous regional and national awards for their delicious pizza. They also have a devoted cult
following of fans who typically have to wait in long lines for an open table. These accolades suggest that
Tomaso's Pizza is successfully following and accomplishing their mission statement which is quite simply:
"Make good pizza." Below are FICTIONAL examples of what Tomaso's might identify as HR factors in a
SWOT analysis if they were engaging in strategic planning (in other words, these examples are purely
hypothetical and created for this exercise). Identify which component of a SWOT analysis (strength,
weakness, opportunity, or threat) corresponds to each description below.



The price of a large specialty pizza at Tomaso's is nearly triple that of some basic pizzas offered by lower-
priced competitors like Dominos. This is an example of______ (a)



Informal customer feedback suggests that many people desire additional Tomaso's locations in
surrounding cities. This is an example of______ (b)

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