60 ITEM EXAM ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS WITH ANSWERS AND RATIONALE (NURSING 999)

60 ITEM EXAM ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS WITH ANSWERS AND RATIONALE (NURSING 999)Course Outline a. Basic Anatomy b. Coronary artery disease c. Myocardial infarction d. Heart failure e. Abdominal aortic aneurysm f. Cardiomyopathy g. Pharmacology h. Laboratory values i. Diagnostic tools Choose the BEST answer 1. Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart? a. Circumflex artery b. Internal mammary artery c. Left anterior descending artery d. Right coronary artery The left anterior descending artery is the primary source of blood for the anterior wall of the heart. The circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall, the internal mammary artery supplies the mammary, and the right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall of the heart. 2. When do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow? a. During inspiration b. During diastole c. During expiration d. During systole Although the coronary arteries may receive a minute portion of blood during systole, most of the blood flow to coronary arteries is supplied during diastole. Breathing patterns are irrelevant to blood flow 3. Which of the following illnesses is the leading cause of death in the US? a. Cancer b. Coronary artery disease c. Liver failure d. Renal failure Coronary artery disease accounts for over 50% of all deaths in the US. Cancer accounts for approximately 20%. Liver failure and renal failure account for less than 10% of all deaths in the US. 4. Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD? a. Atherosclerosis b. DM c. MI d. Renal failure Atherosclerosis, or plaque formation, is the leading cause of CAD. DM is a risk factor for CAD but isn't the most common cause. Renal failure doesn't cause CAD, but the two conditions are related. Myocardial infarction is commonly a result of CAD. 5. Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms? a. Plaques obstruct the vein b. Plaques obstruct the artery c. Blood clots form outside the vessel wall d. Hardened vessels dilate to allow the blood to flow through Arteries, not veins, supply the coronary arteries with oxygen and other nutrients. Atherosclerosis is a direct result of plaque formation in the artery. Hardened vessels can't dilate properly and, therefore, constrict blood flow. 6. Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease cannot be corrected? a. Cigarette smoking b. DM c. Heredity d. HPN Because "heredity" refers to our genetic makeup, it can't be changed. Cigarette smoking cessation is a lifestyle change that involves behavior modification. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor that can be controlled with diet, exercise, and medication. Altering one's diet, exercise, and medication can correct hypertension. 7. Exceeding which of the following serum cholesterol levels significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease? a. 100 mg/dl b. 150 mg/dl c. 175 mg/dl d. 200 mg/dl