Renal - Exam Questions
The tubular fluid at the distal end of the loop of Henle is:
A. hypertonic with respect to plasma
B. hypotonic with respect to plasma.
C. isotonic with respect to plasma.
D. the same tonicity as at the distal end of the proximal tubule.
E. the same tonicity as that at the tip of the loop of Henle.correct answerA
Which of the following is cleared from the plasma at the same rate that it is filtered at the glomerulus?
A. Bicarbonate ion
B. Creatinine
C. Glucose
D. Sodium
E. Ureacorrect answerB
In normal kidney function with normal hydration:
A. all the filtered urea is reabsorbed.
B. blood in the afferent arteriole has a greater osmolality than does blood in the efferent arteriole.
C. fluid entering the proximal tubule is isotonic to plasma.
D. GFR equals the rate of urine formation.
E. more than 50% of the plasma volume flowing through a glomerulus is filtered.correct answerC ?
In the kidney, the highest percentage of glomerular filtrate reabsorption occurs in the:
A. collecting duct
B. descending limb of the loop of Henle
C. distaltubule
,D. proximal tubule
E. thick ascending limb of the loop of Henlecorrect answerD
For substances reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, which of the following has the lowest percentage
reabsorbed under normal conditions?
A. Amino acids
B. Bicarbonate.
C. Chloride.
D. Glucose
E. Phosphate.correct answer
In a normal glomerulus, the membrane permeability is:
A. decreased by decreased renal blood flow.
B. decreased by increased blood pressure.
C. enhanced by increased blood pressure.
D. enhanced by increased colloid osmotic pressure.
E. fixed and unaffected by pressure changes.
(2 marks)correct answer
The initial effect of renin secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus is to increase the:
A. Plasma concentration of aldosterone.
B. Plasma concentration of angiotensin.
C. Plasma concentrationof angiotensinogen.
D. Reabsorption of Na+.
E. Secretion of K+.correct answerB
Renal blood flow is increased by:
A. A decrease in renal sympathetic tone.
B. A physiological rise in arterial blood pressure.
, C. An increase in glomerular filtration rate.
D. An increase in sodium reabsorption.
E. Constriction of the efferent arteriole.correct answer
In order to produce concentrated urine, which condition is required?
A. Hypertonicity of the renal cortex.
B. Hypertonicityoftherenalmedulla.
C. Hypotonicityoftherenalcortex.
D. Hypotonicity of the renal medulla.
E. Isotonicity of the renal medulla.correct answer
Decreased tubular secretion of potassium ions in the distal tubule is linked to increased secretion of:
A. Bicarbonate ions
B. Chloride ions.
C. Hydrogen ions.
D. Sodium ions.
E. Urea.correct answerD
Decreased tubular secretion of potassium ions in the distal tubule is linked to increased secretion of:
A) Sodium ions.
B) Hydrogen ions.
C) Chloride ions.
D) Urea.
E) Bicarbonate ions.correct answer
Renal blood flow is increased by:
A) An increase in sodium reabsorption.
B) Constriction of the efferent arteriole.
C) An increase in glomerular filtration rate.
D) A decrease in renal sympathetic tone.
The tubular fluid at the distal end of the loop of Henle is:
A. hypertonic with respect to plasma
B. hypotonic with respect to plasma.
C. isotonic with respect to plasma.
D. the same tonicity as at the distal end of the proximal tubule.
E. the same tonicity as that at the tip of the loop of Henle.correct answerA
Which of the following is cleared from the plasma at the same rate that it is filtered at the glomerulus?
A. Bicarbonate ion
B. Creatinine
C. Glucose
D. Sodium
E. Ureacorrect answerB
In normal kidney function with normal hydration:
A. all the filtered urea is reabsorbed.
B. blood in the afferent arteriole has a greater osmolality than does blood in the efferent arteriole.
C. fluid entering the proximal tubule is isotonic to plasma.
D. GFR equals the rate of urine formation.
E. more than 50% of the plasma volume flowing through a glomerulus is filtered.correct answerC ?
In the kidney, the highest percentage of glomerular filtrate reabsorption occurs in the:
A. collecting duct
B. descending limb of the loop of Henle
C. distaltubule
,D. proximal tubule
E. thick ascending limb of the loop of Henlecorrect answerD
For substances reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, which of the following has the lowest percentage
reabsorbed under normal conditions?
A. Amino acids
B. Bicarbonate.
C. Chloride.
D. Glucose
E. Phosphate.correct answer
In a normal glomerulus, the membrane permeability is:
A. decreased by decreased renal blood flow.
B. decreased by increased blood pressure.
C. enhanced by increased blood pressure.
D. enhanced by increased colloid osmotic pressure.
E. fixed and unaffected by pressure changes.
(2 marks)correct answer
The initial effect of renin secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus is to increase the:
A. Plasma concentration of aldosterone.
B. Plasma concentration of angiotensin.
C. Plasma concentrationof angiotensinogen.
D. Reabsorption of Na+.
E. Secretion of K+.correct answerB
Renal blood flow is increased by:
A. A decrease in renal sympathetic tone.
B. A physiological rise in arterial blood pressure.
, C. An increase in glomerular filtration rate.
D. An increase in sodium reabsorption.
E. Constriction of the efferent arteriole.correct answer
In order to produce concentrated urine, which condition is required?
A. Hypertonicity of the renal cortex.
B. Hypertonicityoftherenalmedulla.
C. Hypotonicityoftherenalcortex.
D. Hypotonicity of the renal medulla.
E. Isotonicity of the renal medulla.correct answer
Decreased tubular secretion of potassium ions in the distal tubule is linked to increased secretion of:
A. Bicarbonate ions
B. Chloride ions.
C. Hydrogen ions.
D. Sodium ions.
E. Urea.correct answerD
Decreased tubular secretion of potassium ions in the distal tubule is linked to increased secretion of:
A) Sodium ions.
B) Hydrogen ions.
C) Chloride ions.
D) Urea.
E) Bicarbonate ions.correct answer
Renal blood flow is increased by:
A) An increase in sodium reabsorption.
B) Constriction of the efferent arteriole.
C) An increase in glomerular filtration rate.
D) A decrease in renal sympathetic tone.
