UNH Nutrition 400 Final Exam (Answered)
8 enzymes of vitamin B
Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, B6
Niacin can be synthesized from?
tryptophan
Major functions of Folate
Formation of DNA, metabolize amino acids, formation of neurotransmitters
Synthetic form of folate?
folic acid
Folate deficiencies can cause?
macrocytic anemia and neural tube defects
major functions of vitamin B12
formation of blood, folate metabolism, homocysteine metabolism, maintains myelin
sheaths
deficiency of vitamin B12
lack of HCL - atrophic gastritis
lack of intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia
vitamin C
water soluble vitamin
ascorbic acid
important antioxidant
deficiency of vitamin C
smokers at risk
could cause scurvy
toxicity
GI disturbances
what can Vitamin C protect against
cancer, heart disease, common cold
symptoms of beriberi
edema, extreme fatigue
innate immunity
nonspecific, present at birth, physical barriers, HCL, fever
acquired immunity
adaptive or specific, develops as we age, production of antibodies
oxidizing agents
cause cell damage, free radicals (unpaired electron, unstable), initiate cascade of
disturbance
antioxidants
able to stop or repair free radical damage, largely supplied by diet
vitamin E
fat soluble vitamin, important antioxidant in lipid-rich areas of body
most active form of vitamin E?
alpha tocopherol
where is vitamin E stored?
adipose tissue
Vitamin E deficiency
, rare, can cause hemolytic anemia
vitamin E toxicity
can cause hemorrhagic stroke
Vitamin A
fat soluble vitamin
provitamin sources of Vitamin A
carotenoids
still needs to be activated
no risk of toxicity
preformed vitamin A is?
retinoids
active and ready to go
risk of toxicity
what does vitamin A do for eye health?
maintains clear cornea
transports light energy to nerve impulses in retina
vitamin A deficiency
progressive vision impairment
xerosis
dryness of cornea
keratinization
buildup of protein in eye
hyperkeratosis
skin becomes rough and scaly
whos at risk for vitamin A toxicity?
supplement takers
teratogenic risk
can cause a birth defect
what are carotenoids?
fat soluble plant pigments
carotenosis
skin turns orange
major functions of vitamin D
regulate blood calcium levels, bone calcification, hormone
can vitamin D be synthesized in the body?
yes
vitamin d and skin
need more sun exposure the darker skin you have
vitamin D deficiency
rickets, osteomalacia (adult rickets), osteoporosis
two forms of vitamin K
plant and bacteria
what is vitamin K important for?
bone and blood clotting
major functions of vitamin K
bone metabolism and blood clotting
8 enzymes of vitamin B
Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, B6
Niacin can be synthesized from?
tryptophan
Major functions of Folate
Formation of DNA, metabolize amino acids, formation of neurotransmitters
Synthetic form of folate?
folic acid
Folate deficiencies can cause?
macrocytic anemia and neural tube defects
major functions of vitamin B12
formation of blood, folate metabolism, homocysteine metabolism, maintains myelin
sheaths
deficiency of vitamin B12
lack of HCL - atrophic gastritis
lack of intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia
vitamin C
water soluble vitamin
ascorbic acid
important antioxidant
deficiency of vitamin C
smokers at risk
could cause scurvy
toxicity
GI disturbances
what can Vitamin C protect against
cancer, heart disease, common cold
symptoms of beriberi
edema, extreme fatigue
innate immunity
nonspecific, present at birth, physical barriers, HCL, fever
acquired immunity
adaptive or specific, develops as we age, production of antibodies
oxidizing agents
cause cell damage, free radicals (unpaired electron, unstable), initiate cascade of
disturbance
antioxidants
able to stop or repair free radical damage, largely supplied by diet
vitamin E
fat soluble vitamin, important antioxidant in lipid-rich areas of body
most active form of vitamin E?
alpha tocopherol
where is vitamin E stored?
adipose tissue
Vitamin E deficiency
, rare, can cause hemolytic anemia
vitamin E toxicity
can cause hemorrhagic stroke
Vitamin A
fat soluble vitamin
provitamin sources of Vitamin A
carotenoids
still needs to be activated
no risk of toxicity
preformed vitamin A is?
retinoids
active and ready to go
risk of toxicity
what does vitamin A do for eye health?
maintains clear cornea
transports light energy to nerve impulses in retina
vitamin A deficiency
progressive vision impairment
xerosis
dryness of cornea
keratinization
buildup of protein in eye
hyperkeratosis
skin becomes rough and scaly
whos at risk for vitamin A toxicity?
supplement takers
teratogenic risk
can cause a birth defect
what are carotenoids?
fat soluble plant pigments
carotenosis
skin turns orange
major functions of vitamin D
regulate blood calcium levels, bone calcification, hormone
can vitamin D be synthesized in the body?
yes
vitamin d and skin
need more sun exposure the darker skin you have
vitamin D deficiency
rickets, osteomalacia (adult rickets), osteoporosis
two forms of vitamin K
plant and bacteria
what is vitamin K important for?
bone and blood clotting
major functions of vitamin K
bone metabolism and blood clotting
