1
Short-answer Questions
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
, 2
Short-answer Questions
1. Regarding effort and load, describe the main difference between levers operating with a
mechanical advantage versus a lever operating at a mechanical disadvantage.
A lever that operates at a mechanical advantage has its load closer to the fulcrum and the
effort farther from it. For this reason, a little effort is needed to move a bigger load over a small
distance. On the other hand, a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage if the load is farther
from the fulcrum and the effort is applied closer to the fulcrum (Hazari et al., 2021). Therefore,
more effort is needed to move a small load.
There are three classes of levers. First-class levers have a fulcrum positioned between the
effort and the load, such as scissors and pliers. The first-class levers can work at a mechanical
advantage and mechanical disadvantage depending on how far the load or effort is from the
fulcrum (Hazari et al., 2021). Second class levers have the load positioned between the fulcrum
and effort, for example, the wheelbarrow. Second-class levers usually work at a mechanical
advantage since the load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort. Third-class levers have the effort
between the fulcrum and the load, for example, forceps. They usually work at a mechanical
disadvantage since the effort is always near the fulcrum than the load.
2. Name and describe the locations and actions of the muscles typically used in breathing.
Various thoracic muscles are used for breathing. Most muscles help in passive and active
breathing, while some are activated only during forced breathing. The diaphragm external and
Short-answer Questions
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
, 2
Short-answer Questions
1. Regarding effort and load, describe the main difference between levers operating with a
mechanical advantage versus a lever operating at a mechanical disadvantage.
A lever that operates at a mechanical advantage has its load closer to the fulcrum and the
effort farther from it. For this reason, a little effort is needed to move a bigger load over a small
distance. On the other hand, a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage if the load is farther
from the fulcrum and the effort is applied closer to the fulcrum (Hazari et al., 2021). Therefore,
more effort is needed to move a small load.
There are three classes of levers. First-class levers have a fulcrum positioned between the
effort and the load, such as scissors and pliers. The first-class levers can work at a mechanical
advantage and mechanical disadvantage depending on how far the load or effort is from the
fulcrum (Hazari et al., 2021). Second class levers have the load positioned between the fulcrum
and effort, for example, the wheelbarrow. Second-class levers usually work at a mechanical
advantage since the load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort. Third-class levers have the effort
between the fulcrum and the load, for example, forceps. They usually work at a mechanical
disadvantage since the effort is always near the fulcrum than the load.
2. Name and describe the locations and actions of the muscles typically used in breathing.
Various thoracic muscles are used for breathing. Most muscles help in passive and active
breathing, while some are activated only during forced breathing. The diaphragm external and
