Patho/Phys Fall 2022 EXAM 1 NURS 6102
A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which
of the following?
- a decrease in heart rate
- vasodilation of arterioles
- an increase in heart contractility
- a decrease in cardiac output
- an increase in heart contractility
FalseTrue or False? Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
TRUE
Which of the following form successively larger vessels that carry blood toward
the heart?
- venules
- veins
- arteries
- capillaries
Veins
Which layer of the typical vessel can be regulated or constrict or dilate the
lumen?
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica externa
- vasa vasorum
- tunica media
Which layer of the typical blood vessel is constructed from simple squamous
epithelium?
- tunica intima
- tunica externa
- tunica media
- tunica intima
Which of these features is found only in arteries?
- valves
- elastic membranes
- lumen
- vasa vasorum
elastic membranes
What type of vessel is capable of allowing the passage of gases and nutrients
through its walls to nourish surrounding tissue?
- venules
- capillaries
- arterioles
- small veins
capillaries
Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?
,- vessel length
- blood viscosity
- vessel diameter
- total blood volume
total blood volume
What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure?
- arteries
- capillaries
- arterioles
- venules
arterioles
Which of the following would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow?
- vasoconstriction
- increasing blood vessel length
- atherosclerosis
- decreasing the hematocrit
decreasing the hematocrit
Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?
- carotid sinus and aortic arch
- the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
- cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata
Carotid sinus and aortic arch
If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen
with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and
sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
- decreased PNS activity and increased SNS activity
- increased PNS and SNS activity
- increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
increased PNS and decreased SNS activity
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?
- decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
- decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?
- a decrease in blood pressure
- a decrease in cardiac output
- vasodilation of arteries
- an increase in heart rate and contractility
an increase in heart rate and contractility
blood vessel diameter
Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in ___________.
,- blood volume
- cardiac output
- blood viscosity
- blood vessel diameter
blood vessel diameter
the baroreceptor reflex activated by blood pooling in his lower body due to
gravity
When the patient stood up, his heart rate increased. This was most likely caused
by which of the following?
- The baroreceptor reflex activated by blood pooling in his lower body due to
gravity
- parasympathetic activation due to the change in posture
- an increase in the amount of blood the heart has to pump, because the
movements of his leg muscles forced venous blood up into the right atrium
- a decrease in sympathetic tone due to the stress of movement
the baroreceptor reflex activated by blood pooling in his lower body due to gravity
renal regulation
Which to the following would take the longest time to regulate blood pressure?
- renal regulation
- chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes
- barorecptor-initiated reflexes
- hormonal control of peripheral resistance
renal regulation
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following hormones will lower blood pressure?
- angiotensin II (Ang II)
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- aldosterone
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?
- baroreceptor reflexes
- chemoreceptor reflexes
- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
- adrenal medulla hormones
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
The vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth
muscle to increase TPR
Which of the following correctly describes how the baroreceptor reflexes would
respond to a fall in blood pressure?
- contractility would decrease and heart rate would increase
- the cardioacceleratory center would increase parasympathetic output to the
, heart
- the carioinhibitory center would be stimulated
- the vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth
muscle to increase TPR
The vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth muscle to
increase TPR
Increasing the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following lowers blood pressure by reducing the sympathetic
vasomotor response?
- increasing the secretion of vasopressin
- administering a cholinergic blocking agent
- increasing the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- increasing the levels of circulating aldosterone
Increasing the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
lungs
In local autoregulation of blood flow, usually low oxygen levels cause
vasodilation. Which tissue shows the opposite pattern?
- heart
- lungs
- liver
- skeletal muscle
lungs
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Which of the following is NOT a vasoconstrictor?
- angiotensin II
- norepinephrine
- antidiuretic hormone
- atrial natriuretic peptide
Atrial natriuretic peptide
stretch of vascular smooth muscle
Which of the following is a myogenic factor that influences blood flow?
- sympathetic tone
- atrial antidiuretic peptide
- stretch of vascular smooth muscle
- epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
stretch of vascular smooth muscle
tachycardia
Which of the following would not normally be a direct cause of edema?
- hypoproteinemia in a person with liver disease
- increased leakage of plasma proteins across capillary walls into the interstitial
space
- tachycardia
- reduced ability to drain interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels
tachycardia
proteins
Which of the following CANNOT diffuse across a capillary wall to or from the
A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which
of the following?
- a decrease in heart rate
- vasodilation of arterioles
- an increase in heart contractility
- a decrease in cardiac output
- an increase in heart contractility
FalseTrue or False? Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
TRUE
Which of the following form successively larger vessels that carry blood toward
the heart?
- venules
- veins
- arteries
- capillaries
Veins
Which layer of the typical vessel can be regulated or constrict or dilate the
lumen?
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica externa
- vasa vasorum
- tunica media
Which layer of the typical blood vessel is constructed from simple squamous
epithelium?
- tunica intima
- tunica externa
- tunica media
- tunica intima
Which of these features is found only in arteries?
- valves
- elastic membranes
- lumen
- vasa vasorum
elastic membranes
What type of vessel is capable of allowing the passage of gases and nutrients
through its walls to nourish surrounding tissue?
- venules
- capillaries
- arterioles
- small veins
capillaries
Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?
,- vessel length
- blood viscosity
- vessel diameter
- total blood volume
total blood volume
What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure?
- arteries
- capillaries
- arterioles
- venules
arterioles
Which of the following would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow?
- vasoconstriction
- increasing blood vessel length
- atherosclerosis
- decreasing the hematocrit
decreasing the hematocrit
Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?
- carotid sinus and aortic arch
- the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
- cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata
Carotid sinus and aortic arch
If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen
with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and
sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
- decreased PNS activity and increased SNS activity
- increased PNS and SNS activity
- increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
increased PNS and decreased SNS activity
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?
- decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
- decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?
- a decrease in blood pressure
- a decrease in cardiac output
- vasodilation of arteries
- an increase in heart rate and contractility
an increase in heart rate and contractility
blood vessel diameter
Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in ___________.
,- blood volume
- cardiac output
- blood viscosity
- blood vessel diameter
blood vessel diameter
the baroreceptor reflex activated by blood pooling in his lower body due to
gravity
When the patient stood up, his heart rate increased. This was most likely caused
by which of the following?
- The baroreceptor reflex activated by blood pooling in his lower body due to
gravity
- parasympathetic activation due to the change in posture
- an increase in the amount of blood the heart has to pump, because the
movements of his leg muscles forced venous blood up into the right atrium
- a decrease in sympathetic tone due to the stress of movement
the baroreceptor reflex activated by blood pooling in his lower body due to gravity
renal regulation
Which to the following would take the longest time to regulate blood pressure?
- renal regulation
- chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes
- barorecptor-initiated reflexes
- hormonal control of peripheral resistance
renal regulation
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following hormones will lower blood pressure?
- angiotensin II (Ang II)
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- aldosterone
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?
- baroreceptor reflexes
- chemoreceptor reflexes
- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
- adrenal medulla hormones
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
The vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth
muscle to increase TPR
Which of the following correctly describes how the baroreceptor reflexes would
respond to a fall in blood pressure?
- contractility would decrease and heart rate would increase
- the cardioacceleratory center would increase parasympathetic output to the
, heart
- the carioinhibitory center would be stimulated
- the vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth
muscle to increase TPR
The vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth muscle to
increase TPR
Increasing the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following lowers blood pressure by reducing the sympathetic
vasomotor response?
- increasing the secretion of vasopressin
- administering a cholinergic blocking agent
- increasing the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- increasing the levels of circulating aldosterone
Increasing the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
lungs
In local autoregulation of blood flow, usually low oxygen levels cause
vasodilation. Which tissue shows the opposite pattern?
- heart
- lungs
- liver
- skeletal muscle
lungs
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Which of the following is NOT a vasoconstrictor?
- angiotensin II
- norepinephrine
- antidiuretic hormone
- atrial natriuretic peptide
Atrial natriuretic peptide
stretch of vascular smooth muscle
Which of the following is a myogenic factor that influences blood flow?
- sympathetic tone
- atrial antidiuretic peptide
- stretch of vascular smooth muscle
- epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
stretch of vascular smooth muscle
tachycardia
Which of the following would not normally be a direct cause of edema?
- hypoproteinemia in a person with liver disease
- increased leakage of plasma proteins across capillary walls into the interstitial
space
- tachycardia
- reduced ability to drain interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels
tachycardia
proteins
Which of the following CANNOT diffuse across a capillary wall to or from the
