Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
Know the different types of wellness:
❖ Wellness: an active state of being healthy, including living a lifestyle that promotes
good physical, mental, and emotional health.
➢ Physical Dimension: The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age,
developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence the
person’s health status and health practices.
➢ Emotional Dimension: How the mind affects body functions and responds to
body conditions also influences health. Long-term stress affects body
systems, and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and
relaxation can actually change the body’s responses to illness.
➢ Intellectual Dimension: The intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive
abilities, educational background, and past experiences. These influence the
person’s responses to teaching about health and reactions to nursing care
during illness.
➢ Environmental Dimension: The environment has many influences on health
and ill- ness. Housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of air, food, and
water are elements in the environmental dimension.
➢ Sociocultural Dimension: Health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by
a per- son’s economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture. In general, low-
income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, and other underserved
populations are less likely to seek medical care to prevent illness and have
fewer treatment options, while high-income groups are more prone to stress-
Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
,Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
related habits and illness.
➢ Spiritual Dimension: Spiritual beliefs and values are important components of a
person’s health and illness behaviors (see Chapter 45). It is important that
nurses respect these values and understand their importance for the individual
patient.
o Three spiritual needs underlie all religious traditions and are common
to all people:
1. Need for meaning and purpose
2. Need for love and relatedness
3. Need for forgiveness
Know the definition of culture and what it means in healthcare:
❖ Culture: a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provides
social structure for daily living. Culture influences roles and interactions with others
as well as within families and communities, and is apparent in the attitudes and
institutions unique to particular groups.
❖ Culture in Healthcare: Nurses must be aware of, and sensitive to, the needs of a
diverse patient population.
➢ Physiological variation: Studies have shown that certain racial and ethnic groups
are more prone to certain diseases and conditions.
Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
,Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
➢ Reactions to pain: Health care researchers have discovered that many of the
expressions and behaviors exhibited by people in pain are culturally
prescribed. Some cultures allow or even encourage the open expression of
emotions related to pain, whereas other cultures encourage suppression of
such emotions.
➢ Mental Health: Most mental health norms originate in research and
observations made of White, middle-class people. But many ethnic groups
Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
, Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
have their own norms and acceptable patterns of behavior for psychological
well-
being, as well as different normal psychological reactions to certain situations.
➢ Gender roles: In many cultures, the man is the dominant figure and generally
makes decisions for all family members. Knowing who is dominant in the family
is important when planning nursing care.
➢ Language and Communication: Linguistic competence refers to the ability of
caregivers and organizations to understand and effectively respond to the
linguistic needs of patients and their families in a health care encounter.
o Nurses who work in a geographic area with a high popu- lation of
residents who speak a language other than English should learn
pertinent words and phrases in that language.
o To avoid misinterpretation of questions and answers, it is important
to use an interpreter who understands the health care system; friends
and family members often discouraged.
o One of the most culturally variable forms of nonverbal communication
is eye contact.
• American dominant culture emphasizes eye contact
while speaking,
• Direct eye contact may be considered impolite or aggressive by
Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
satisfactory guaranteed
Know the different types of wellness:
❖ Wellness: an active state of being healthy, including living a lifestyle that promotes
good physical, mental, and emotional health.
➢ Physical Dimension: The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age,
developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence the
person’s health status and health practices.
➢ Emotional Dimension: How the mind affects body functions and responds to
body conditions also influences health. Long-term stress affects body
systems, and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and
relaxation can actually change the body’s responses to illness.
➢ Intellectual Dimension: The intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive
abilities, educational background, and past experiences. These influence the
person’s responses to teaching about health and reactions to nursing care
during illness.
➢ Environmental Dimension: The environment has many influences on health
and ill- ness. Housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of air, food, and
water are elements in the environmental dimension.
➢ Sociocultural Dimension: Health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by
a per- son’s economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture. In general, low-
income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, and other underserved
populations are less likely to seek medical care to prevent illness and have
fewer treatment options, while high-income groups are more prone to stress-
Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
,Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
related habits and illness.
➢ Spiritual Dimension: Spiritual beliefs and values are important components of a
person’s health and illness behaviors (see Chapter 45). It is important that
nurses respect these values and understand their importance for the individual
patient.
o Three spiritual needs underlie all religious traditions and are common
to all people:
1. Need for meaning and purpose
2. Need for love and relatedness
3. Need for forgiveness
Know the definition of culture and what it means in healthcare:
❖ Culture: a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provides
social structure for daily living. Culture influences roles and interactions with others
as well as within families and communities, and is apparent in the attitudes and
institutions unique to particular groups.
❖ Culture in Healthcare: Nurses must be aware of, and sensitive to, the needs of a
diverse patient population.
➢ Physiological variation: Studies have shown that certain racial and ethnic groups
are more prone to certain diseases and conditions.
Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
,Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
➢ Reactions to pain: Health care researchers have discovered that many of the
expressions and behaviors exhibited by people in pain are culturally
prescribed. Some cultures allow or even encourage the open expression of
emotions related to pain, whereas other cultures encourage suppression of
such emotions.
➢ Mental Health: Most mental health norms originate in research and
observations made of White, middle-class people. But many ethnic groups
Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
, Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
have their own norms and acceptable patterns of behavior for psychological
well-
being, as well as different normal psychological reactions to certain situations.
➢ Gender roles: In many cultures, the man is the dominant figure and generally
makes decisions for all family members. Knowing who is dominant in the family
is important when planning nursing care.
➢ Language and Communication: Linguistic competence refers to the ability of
caregivers and organizations to understand and effectively respond to the
linguistic needs of patients and their families in a health care encounter.
o Nurses who work in a geographic area with a high popu- lation of
residents who speak a language other than English should learn
pertinent words and phrases in that language.
o To avoid misinterpretation of questions and answers, it is important
to use an interpreter who understands the health care system; friends
and family members often discouraged.
o One of the most culturally variable forms of nonverbal communication
is eye contact.
• American dominant culture emphasizes eye contact
while speaking,
• Direct eye contact may be considered impolite or aggressive by
Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guide Exam 1 2022 update
satisfactory guaranteed
