Basic Composition and Function of Blood Study Guide
Blood
Fluid tissue consists of plasma, blood cells and platelets
Circulates through body bringing oxygen, nutrients to the tissues
Remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
Contains haemostatic components
Carries cells and antibodies (destroy microorganisms and foreign protein)
Two Components
Plasma (Yellowish fluid) – part of extracellular fluid (restricted to the blood vessels)
Cells – Red cells (erythrocytes)
White cells (leucocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Note: These are the three kinds of blood cells.
Plasma
Average adult body possesses 5-6 litres of blood
-approx. 3 litres plasma
approx. 90 percent water
8 percent protein
2 percent organic compound of low molecular weight and electrolytes
Plasma Protein – Any proteins in blood plasma.
Three major of plasma protein
1. Albumin (MW-69000,40g/L)
Abundant protein
Synthesized the liver at the rate of 15g/day.
Major contributor to the colloid osmotic and determine the return of fluid to
capillaries at the venous end.
Carry loose combination of a certain hormones (i.e. Corticosteroids),
bilirubin, fatty acids, heavy metals (i.e., mercury and copper), salt of vile
and some drugs.
Plays as a buffer for plasma H+ ions.
Carries small amount of carbon dioxide as a carbamino complex.
, 2. Globulins (MW- 150000, 70g/L)
Separated from albumins by salt fractionation, lesser solubility, greater
molecular weight (MW), and slower electrophoretic mobilities.
Can be fractionated by electrophoresis into alpha, beta and gamma
globulins.
Contain some carbohydrate (glycoproteins).
Alpha and beta globulins synthesized in the liver but gamma globulins
produced by plasma cells.
Specific alpha and beta globulins transport various substances; thyroxine-
binding globulin for thyroxine, transcortin for corticosteroids,
transcobalamin for vitamin B12, transferrin for iron, ceruloplasmin for
copper and various lipoproteins for lipids.
Kininogens and angiotensinogen- are alpha globulins which are
precursors of kinins and angiotensin I respectively.
Immunoglobulins (antibodies) – a very important group form by gamma
globulins and some beta globulins.
3. Fibrinogen (MW-340000, 60g/L)
A dimer, composed of three peptide chains.
Converted to insoluble form, fibrin, in a coagulation process, which several
coagulation factors consumed.
Serum - remaining fluid.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) RBC’s
Illustr.BYJU’S the learning app
Blood
Fluid tissue consists of plasma, blood cells and platelets
Circulates through body bringing oxygen, nutrients to the tissues
Remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
Contains haemostatic components
Carries cells and antibodies (destroy microorganisms and foreign protein)
Two Components
Plasma (Yellowish fluid) – part of extracellular fluid (restricted to the blood vessels)
Cells – Red cells (erythrocytes)
White cells (leucocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Note: These are the three kinds of blood cells.
Plasma
Average adult body possesses 5-6 litres of blood
-approx. 3 litres plasma
approx. 90 percent water
8 percent protein
2 percent organic compound of low molecular weight and electrolytes
Plasma Protein – Any proteins in blood plasma.
Three major of plasma protein
1. Albumin (MW-69000,40g/L)
Abundant protein
Synthesized the liver at the rate of 15g/day.
Major contributor to the colloid osmotic and determine the return of fluid to
capillaries at the venous end.
Carry loose combination of a certain hormones (i.e. Corticosteroids),
bilirubin, fatty acids, heavy metals (i.e., mercury and copper), salt of vile
and some drugs.
Plays as a buffer for plasma H+ ions.
Carries small amount of carbon dioxide as a carbamino complex.
, 2. Globulins (MW- 150000, 70g/L)
Separated from albumins by salt fractionation, lesser solubility, greater
molecular weight (MW), and slower electrophoretic mobilities.
Can be fractionated by electrophoresis into alpha, beta and gamma
globulins.
Contain some carbohydrate (glycoproteins).
Alpha and beta globulins synthesized in the liver but gamma globulins
produced by plasma cells.
Specific alpha and beta globulins transport various substances; thyroxine-
binding globulin for thyroxine, transcortin for corticosteroids,
transcobalamin for vitamin B12, transferrin for iron, ceruloplasmin for
copper and various lipoproteins for lipids.
Kininogens and angiotensinogen- are alpha globulins which are
precursors of kinins and angiotensin I respectively.
Immunoglobulins (antibodies) – a very important group form by gamma
globulins and some beta globulins.
3. Fibrinogen (MW-340000, 60g/L)
A dimer, composed of three peptide chains.
Converted to insoluble form, fibrin, in a coagulation process, which several
coagulation factors consumed.
Serum - remaining fluid.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) RBC’s
Illustr.BYJU’S the learning app
