WGU D027 STUDY GUIDE-QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Autosomal Dominant - ✔1 parent has, 50% change of child having
Autosomal Recessive - ✔Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child having, 50%
chance child is a carrier.
Cystic Fibrosis - ✔affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs
21st Trisomy - ✔Down Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) - ✔male has extra X, female like qualities
Turner Syndrome - ✔Missing X in females
Alpha Thalassemia - ✔inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia
Beta Thallasemia - ✔low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous sulfate
Prevalence Risk - ✔proportion of the population affected at a certain time
Incidence rate - ✔number of new cases divided by population
Innate immunity - ✔inflammation; increased vascular permeability
B&T lymphocytes - ✔immune response
primary malignant tumor - ✔lack of organization of cells
glucocorticoids - ✔used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue
(leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to lymphoid tissues.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - ✔for hormone receptor positive and
advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and recurrence risk)
Heart failure - ✔impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart cannot meet
metabolic need of the body.
CHF - ✔heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary
area
Left Ventricular Dysfunction - ✔reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having issue ejecting
blood.
normal ejection fraction - ✔55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each heartbeat)
, WGU D027 STUDY GUIDE-QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? - ✔preserved
Diastolic CHF - ✔preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling
Systolic CHF - ✔reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting
Left sided CHF - ✔pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3 murmurs) ** #1
cause of Right sided CHF
BNP - ✔gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF
Echocardiogram - ✔Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function
At Risk for HF - Stage A - ✔no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure
Stage A HF co-morbidities - ✔htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, metabolic
syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with family history
Therapy goals of stage A HF - ✔treat htn, encourage smoking cessation, encourage
regular exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol intake/drug use, control
metabolic syndrome
Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan,
benicar, diovan, etc)
At Risk for HF - Stage B - ✔structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure
Stage B HF co-morbidities - ✔previous MI, LV remodeling with LV hypertrophy and low
EF, asymptomatic valvular disease
Therapy goals of Stage B HF - ✔Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers, inplantable
defibrillators
Stage C heart failure - ✔structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF
Presentation of Stage C HF - ✔known structural heart disease and shortness of breath
and fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
Therapy for Stage C HF - ✔dietary salt restriction, MEDS: diuretic, ACEI, beta blockers.
Some patients: aldosterone antagonist, ARBs, digitalis, hydralazine/nitrates,
biventricular pacing, inplantable defibrillators
Stage D heart failure - ✔refractory HF requiring specialized interventions
Autosomal Dominant - ✔1 parent has, 50% change of child having
Autosomal Recessive - ✔Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child having, 50%
chance child is a carrier.
Cystic Fibrosis - ✔affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs
21st Trisomy - ✔Down Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) - ✔male has extra X, female like qualities
Turner Syndrome - ✔Missing X in females
Alpha Thalassemia - ✔inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia
Beta Thallasemia - ✔low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous sulfate
Prevalence Risk - ✔proportion of the population affected at a certain time
Incidence rate - ✔number of new cases divided by population
Innate immunity - ✔inflammation; increased vascular permeability
B&T lymphocytes - ✔immune response
primary malignant tumor - ✔lack of organization of cells
glucocorticoids - ✔used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue
(leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to lymphoid tissues.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - ✔for hormone receptor positive and
advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and recurrence risk)
Heart failure - ✔impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart cannot meet
metabolic need of the body.
CHF - ✔heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary
area
Left Ventricular Dysfunction - ✔reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having issue ejecting
blood.
normal ejection fraction - ✔55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each heartbeat)
, WGU D027 STUDY GUIDE-QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? - ✔preserved
Diastolic CHF - ✔preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling
Systolic CHF - ✔reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting
Left sided CHF - ✔pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3 murmurs) ** #1
cause of Right sided CHF
BNP - ✔gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF
Echocardiogram - ✔Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function
At Risk for HF - Stage A - ✔no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure
Stage A HF co-morbidities - ✔htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, metabolic
syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with family history
Therapy goals of stage A HF - ✔treat htn, encourage smoking cessation, encourage
regular exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol intake/drug use, control
metabolic syndrome
Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan,
benicar, diovan, etc)
At Risk for HF - Stage B - ✔structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure
Stage B HF co-morbidities - ✔previous MI, LV remodeling with LV hypertrophy and low
EF, asymptomatic valvular disease
Therapy goals of Stage B HF - ✔Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers, inplantable
defibrillators
Stage C heart failure - ✔structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF
Presentation of Stage C HF - ✔known structural heart disease and shortness of breath
and fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
Therapy for Stage C HF - ✔dietary salt restriction, MEDS: diuretic, ACEI, beta blockers.
Some patients: aldosterone antagonist, ARBs, digitalis, hydralazine/nitrates,
biventricular pacing, inplantable defibrillators
Stage D heart failure - ✔refractory HF requiring specialized interventions
