NURS 2528Practice Lab Notes.WEEK 1 GRADED A
WEEK 1
Hand hygiene in health care:
● Nurses move patient to patient and room to room while providing care and
working in a patient care environment. This movement provides
opportunities for the transmission of organisms on hand.
Hand hygiene:
● Most effective way to prevent spread of organisms
● Transient VS resident microbes
● Transient: just passing through. Unable to remain in the body for extended
period of time
● Resident: the “residents”. Life-long member of the body’s normal microbial
community
● Hand hygiene w/ alcohol- based hand rub kills organisms in seconds
● Hand hygiene w/ soap and water removes organisms
2 Methods:
● Alcohol- based hand rub is the preferred method for cleaning hands. It’s
better than washing hands. (when hands are not visibly soiled)
● Handwashing w/ soap and water must be done when hands are visibly soiled
● Clean hands for a minimum of 15 seconds
When to perform hand hygiene?
● Before preparing, handling, serving or eating food
● After personal body functions
● Before putting on and after taking off gloves
4 Moments for hand hygiene:
1. Before initial patient/ patient environment contact
2. Before aseptic procedure
3. After body fluid exposure risk
4. After patient’ patient environment contact
Medical Asepsis
Reduces # of microbes
prevents/ reduces
transmission Clean
technique
Surgical Asepsis
Removes all
microbes Sterile
,NURS 2528Practice Lab Notes.WEEK 1 GRADED A
technique
,NURS 2528Practice Lab Notes.WEEK 1 GRADED A
WEEK 2
Natural Defenses Against Disease:
● Saliva: antibacterial enzymes
● Tears: antibacterial enzymes
● Skin: prevents entry
● Mucus: linings traps dirt and microbes
● Stomach acid: low pH kills harmful microbes
● “Good” gut bacteria: out compete bad
Chain Of Infection:
● Infectious agents
○ Bacteria
○ Viruses
○ Fungi
○ Protozoa
○ Parasites
● Portal of exit
○ The way out of the reservoir (often carried by body fluids/ body waste)
● Mode of transmission
○ How the pathogen travels
○ contact/ droplet/ airborne
● Portal of entry
○ The way into the host
○ Body orifices/ broken skin & mucus membranes
○ Invasive procedures are major culprits
● Susceptible host
○ Individual is vulnerable and at risk
PPE/ Barriers:
● Masks
● Gowns
● Gloves
● Protective eyewear
● Face shields
● Hair covers
● Booties
, NURS 2528Practice Lab Notes.WEEK 1 GRADED A
PPE/ Gowns:
● Don- before entering the room, fully tied, full coverage front & back, gloves
over cuffs
● Doff- before leaving the room, remove inside out, no shaking, no scooping
PPE- On & Off:
● Donning- wash hands- gown- mask- goggles/ face shield- gloves
● Doffing- gloves- wash hands- gown- wash hand- goggles/ face shield-
mask- wash hands
WEEK 3
Repositioning, ROM, Positioning, Safety, Restraints
Body mechanics:
“ the efficient use of the body as a machine”
Includes alignment/ posture, balance, coordinated movements
Terminology:
● Line of gravity
○ Mid- line of the body
● Centre of gravity
○ Umbilicus
● Base of support
○ Area beneath
person
● Alignment
○ Posture Positions:
● High fowler's (60-90
degrees)
● Semi-fowlers (15-45
degrees)
● Low- fowlers (slightly
elevated)
● Supine vs prone
● Side lying vs sim’s
● Orthopneic
● Lithotomy
★ Reduced blood flow: orthostatic hypotension
Deconditioning:
The multiple, potentially reversible changes in body systems brought about by
WEEK 1
Hand hygiene in health care:
● Nurses move patient to patient and room to room while providing care and
working in a patient care environment. This movement provides
opportunities for the transmission of organisms on hand.
Hand hygiene:
● Most effective way to prevent spread of organisms
● Transient VS resident microbes
● Transient: just passing through. Unable to remain in the body for extended
period of time
● Resident: the “residents”. Life-long member of the body’s normal microbial
community
● Hand hygiene w/ alcohol- based hand rub kills organisms in seconds
● Hand hygiene w/ soap and water removes organisms
2 Methods:
● Alcohol- based hand rub is the preferred method for cleaning hands. It’s
better than washing hands. (when hands are not visibly soiled)
● Handwashing w/ soap and water must be done when hands are visibly soiled
● Clean hands for a minimum of 15 seconds
When to perform hand hygiene?
● Before preparing, handling, serving or eating food
● After personal body functions
● Before putting on and after taking off gloves
4 Moments for hand hygiene:
1. Before initial patient/ patient environment contact
2. Before aseptic procedure
3. After body fluid exposure risk
4. After patient’ patient environment contact
Medical Asepsis
Reduces # of microbes
prevents/ reduces
transmission Clean
technique
Surgical Asepsis
Removes all
microbes Sterile
,NURS 2528Practice Lab Notes.WEEK 1 GRADED A
technique
,NURS 2528Practice Lab Notes.WEEK 1 GRADED A
WEEK 2
Natural Defenses Against Disease:
● Saliva: antibacterial enzymes
● Tears: antibacterial enzymes
● Skin: prevents entry
● Mucus: linings traps dirt and microbes
● Stomach acid: low pH kills harmful microbes
● “Good” gut bacteria: out compete bad
Chain Of Infection:
● Infectious agents
○ Bacteria
○ Viruses
○ Fungi
○ Protozoa
○ Parasites
● Portal of exit
○ The way out of the reservoir (often carried by body fluids/ body waste)
● Mode of transmission
○ How the pathogen travels
○ contact/ droplet/ airborne
● Portal of entry
○ The way into the host
○ Body orifices/ broken skin & mucus membranes
○ Invasive procedures are major culprits
● Susceptible host
○ Individual is vulnerable and at risk
PPE/ Barriers:
● Masks
● Gowns
● Gloves
● Protective eyewear
● Face shields
● Hair covers
● Booties
, NURS 2528Practice Lab Notes.WEEK 1 GRADED A
PPE/ Gowns:
● Don- before entering the room, fully tied, full coverage front & back, gloves
over cuffs
● Doff- before leaving the room, remove inside out, no shaking, no scooping
PPE- On & Off:
● Donning- wash hands- gown- mask- goggles/ face shield- gloves
● Doffing- gloves- wash hands- gown- wash hand- goggles/ face shield-
mask- wash hands
WEEK 3
Repositioning, ROM, Positioning, Safety, Restraints
Body mechanics:
“ the efficient use of the body as a machine”
Includes alignment/ posture, balance, coordinated movements
Terminology:
● Line of gravity
○ Mid- line of the body
● Centre of gravity
○ Umbilicus
● Base of support
○ Area beneath
person
● Alignment
○ Posture Positions:
● High fowler's (60-90
degrees)
● Semi-fowlers (15-45
degrees)
● Low- fowlers (slightly
elevated)
● Supine vs prone
● Side lying vs sim’s
● Orthopneic
● Lithotomy
★ Reduced blood flow: orthostatic hypotension
Deconditioning:
The multiple, potentially reversible changes in body systems brought about by
