NUR 2474 Rasmussen Pharmacology Exam 1 2023 Study Guide with Latest Questions

NUR 2474 Rasmussen Pharmacology Exam 1 dopaminergic agent - Answer levodopa/carbidopa anticholinergic agent - Answer benzotrophine cholinesterase inhibitor - Answer donepezil Immunomodulators - Answer interferon beta traditional anti epileptic drugs - Answer phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid atypical anti epileptic drugs - Answer oxcarbazepine lamotrigdine barbiturates - Answer Phenobarbital muscle spams drugs - Answer baclofen dantrolene 1st generation antipsychotics - Answer low potency: chlorpromazine high potency: haloperidol 2nd generation antipsychotic - Answer clozapine risperdone olanzapine SSRIs - Answer fluoxetine sertraline paroxetine SNRI - Answer venlafaxine duloxetine TCA - Answer amitriptyline MAOI - Answer phenelzine atypical antidepressant - Answer Bupropion, trazodone OTC herbal for depression - Answer ST. Johns Wort mood stabilizer - Answer lithium benzodiazepines - Answer lorazepam, diazepam alprazolam benzodiazepine like drugs - Answer zolpidem insomnia drugs used - Answer trazodone doxepin OTC drug for insomnia - Answer melatonin Atypical Anxiolytic - Answer Buspirone amphetamines - Answer amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine methamphetamine methylxanthines - Answer methylphenidate when should we complete blood testing with use of lithium? - Answer early in therapy- every 2-3 days, until a therapeutic dose has been established, then long term-every 3 to 6 months therapeutic level of lithium - Answer 0.8-1.4 mEq/L toxic level of lithium - Answer greater than 1.5 mEq/L when can we start to see side effects of lithium? - Answer when the drug is at a therapeutic level. they are expected. what are the side effects of lithium (therapeutic level)? - Answer GI effects, tremors, polyuria, renal toxicity, goiter, hypothyroidism, teratogenesis. what will happen to side effects when one has a toxic level of lithium? - Answer the effects will be much worse and possibly life threatening i.e. tremor that becomes larger with muscle incoordination what medications can we use to treat the cyclic effects of bipolar (mood-depression- psychosis)? - Answer mood stabilizer (lithium)= control mood antidepressant (SSRI,TCA,MAOI)= control depression antipsychotic (Ist/2nd generation)= control the psychosis how does a benzodiazepine help with ETOH withdrawal? - Answer it will decrease the withdrawal manifestations and intensity, while making one sleepy and having CNS depression. plus, it is easy to give IM and will work quickly. what is a popular benzodiazepine that is used to treat anxiety? - Answer alprazolam (think A-anxiety) how does alprazolam work to reduce anxiety? - Answer it inhibits GABA in the CNS, depressing the CNS. what are the side effects of alprazolam use? - Answer a. CNS depression, anterograde amnesia (patient cannot remember much), sleep driving (not safe), paradoxical effects (still anxious, stays up, rowdy), respiratory depression. what drugs does alprazolam interact with? - Answer CNS depressant medications (additive effects), ETOH what are various treatments and drugs used to treat anxiety patients? - Answer benzo's (pam/lam), atypical anxiolytic buspirone, SSRIs paroxetine/fluoxetine, TCAs, MAOIs, trazodone. explain what a sedative hypnotic does - Answer cause the patient to have sedation, sleepiness, CNS depression, anterograde amnesia (patient cannot remember much), sleep driving (not safe),respiratory depression what things should we teach the patient using a drug to treat anxiety? - Answer drug should be tapered only by the HCP, not patient no ETOH use what withdrawal effects may look like what does anxiety medication PO withdraw look like? - Answer drowsiness, lethargy, confusion what does anxiety medication IV withdraw look like? - Answer hypotension, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest. explain what methylphenidate does - Answer increases attention and focus in children (NOTHING DEALING W/ BEHAVIORS) other effects of methylphenidate use in children - Answer decreased appetite insomnia if given late in the day what things should we always do when giving methylphenidate to a child with ADHD? - Answer ALWAYS: give the drug in the morning, after breakfast, and give the last dose before 4pm, or else the child will not sleep at night which 3 drugs are controlled substances and highly abused? - Answer amphetamines, barbiturates, methylphenidate what is the purpose of drug treatment with Alzheimer Disease patients? - Answer there is treatment to help slow down the progression of the disease, but to not cure it how does donepezil works? - Answer it slow the progression of Alzheimers disease by causing reversible inhibition of cholinesterase and the cholinergic receptors.