CHEM 120/CHEM 120 Study Guide Final Exam Chamberlain College of Nursing

CHEM 120/CHEM 120 Study Guide Final Exam Chamberlain College of Nursing scientific method to design a hypothetical experiment in order to construct a theory Observation: noticing an event Hypothesis: educated guess (prediction) Experiment: design to test hypothesis Law: description of behavior (usually expressed in mathematical terms) Theory: explanation of behavior 2) molecular shape if a formula is given (page 114) # of bonded atoms: # of lone pairs: Molecular shape: 2 0 Linear 3 0 Triangular 4 0 Tetrahedral 3 1 Pyramidal 2 2 Bent 2 1 Bent 3) different types of bonds: ionic, covalent (polar, nonpolar), H-bonds Ionic: metal & nonmetal, electron transfer, hard & brittle, high melting points, water soluble, conduct electricity Covalent: two nonmetals, sharing electrons, don’t dissolve completely in water, low melting points, weak when conducting electricity, tend to have no charge Cations: formed from elements losing electron (+), naming -ion (ex: Calcium ion) Anions: formed from elements gaining electron (-), naming -ide (ex: Oxide) Nonpolar: two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other, does not have enough charge Polar: a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, + and – charge H-bonds: weak interactions that form between a hydrogen with a partial positive charge & a more electronegative atom, such as oxygen