Student no: 50085069
Name: Hlalisiwe Nkwanyana
Unique no: 803608
1ST ORDER CYBERNETICS
SIMPLE CYBERNETICS:
MODERNISM:
Encompassed the principle of idealism and • Observer of what is going on inside the system
heroism with religion and faith playing a • Describing what is happening inside the
significant role in understanding the world. system
Empiricism logic and evidence based knowledge
• Focus on the present, on the here rather than
as the accepted way of understanding.
the past
“Onwards and upwards with inevitable
• Concern with the tendency of the system to
progress”
move either toward or away from order
• Not interested in the cause of particular or
situation.
2ND ORDER CYBERNETICS
POSTMODERNISM: CYBERNETICS OF CYBERNETICS:
Postmodernism refuses the notion of an absolute • The recursive application of cybernetics to itself
objective and mechanistic way of understanding, • Reflective practice of cybernetics according to
instead provide alternative of viewing the world. such a critique
At heart, postmodernism is the critique of and to • It appreciates the role of the observer and
move beyond modernism acknowledge rather than disguised
• It presents a new paradigm in which the
observer is circularly and intimately involved
with the observer
“Phhffbvdsdkutsdvvsss”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE:
• Knowledge formulated in a specific area over a
period of time and passed on from generation
to generation through oral tradition (folklore
and folktales), music and symbols.
• Africentric theory of human personhood is
based on a religious cosmology.(Nwoye 2017)
AFRICAN KNOWLEDGE:
• African worldview means that action of most
Africans are based on the understanding and
assumption that all types of misfortune, illness,
death and failure are caused by invisible forces
e.g you happen to be in an accident and it’s
because your ancestors are angry about
something. (Makhubela 2017)
Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu( a person is a person
through others) (Nwoye 2017)
Name: Hlalisiwe Nkwanyana
Unique no: 803608
1ST ORDER CYBERNETICS
SIMPLE CYBERNETICS:
MODERNISM:
Encompassed the principle of idealism and • Observer of what is going on inside the system
heroism with religion and faith playing a • Describing what is happening inside the
significant role in understanding the world. system
Empiricism logic and evidence based knowledge
• Focus on the present, on the here rather than
as the accepted way of understanding.
the past
“Onwards and upwards with inevitable
• Concern with the tendency of the system to
progress”
move either toward or away from order
• Not interested in the cause of particular or
situation.
2ND ORDER CYBERNETICS
POSTMODERNISM: CYBERNETICS OF CYBERNETICS:
Postmodernism refuses the notion of an absolute • The recursive application of cybernetics to itself
objective and mechanistic way of understanding, • Reflective practice of cybernetics according to
instead provide alternative of viewing the world. such a critique
At heart, postmodernism is the critique of and to • It appreciates the role of the observer and
move beyond modernism acknowledge rather than disguised
• It presents a new paradigm in which the
observer is circularly and intimately involved
with the observer
“Phhffbvdsdkutsdvvsss”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE:
• Knowledge formulated in a specific area over a
period of time and passed on from generation
to generation through oral tradition (folklore
and folktales), music and symbols.
• Africentric theory of human personhood is
based on a religious cosmology.(Nwoye 2017)
AFRICAN KNOWLEDGE:
• African worldview means that action of most
Africans are based on the understanding and
assumption that all types of misfortune, illness,
death and failure are caused by invisible forces
e.g you happen to be in an accident and it’s
because your ancestors are angry about
something. (Makhubela 2017)
Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu( a person is a person
through others) (Nwoye 2017)
