FTCE K-6 Elementary Education
Developmental Stages of Writing
Pre-writing, drafting, revising, editing, publishing
Diagnostic Assessment
Standardized tests (assessments) that aim to determine a student's strengths and
weaknesses
Semantic Cuing System
focuses on any meaning a student derives from a sentence based on prior knowledge
(does this sentence make sense or not?)
Editing
Proofreading the draft for misspelled words, grammatical & mechanical errors. Focus is
on mechanics.
Publishing
Sharing the final product with an audience
Talking to the text
Strategy known as "a think aloud"
Historical Fiction
Realistic stories that are set in the past
Print
Conveys meaning
Informal Assessment
Assessments include but are not limited to: cloze tests, running records, anecdotal
notes, rubrics, portfolios, informal reading inventories
Biography
Stories that tell about a person's life
Aesthetic Listening
Listening that is performed for enjoyment and pleasure
Partial Alphabetic
Letter is associated with sound at this stage
Pre-Alphabetic
Relies on visual cues to help read words. Usually pre-k stage. (ex.- knowing McDonald's
b/c of the golden arches)
Fantasy
Stories that cannot happen in the real world
Fluency
Ability to read quickly, accurately and with proper expression
Graphophonemic Cuing System
Focuses on various visual cues & knowledge about the relationship between sounds &
symbols. "Does this look right?" Hint: "graphic"
Primary Sources
A document or piece of work that was written, recorded or created during a particular
time period. Examples: photos, speeches, interviews, diaries, videos, audio
Visual Media
Also known as print media. Examples: video, t.v., radio
Artifacts
Real objects, usually representative of a particular culture or event
, Visual
Is related to the "look" of the letter in a word and the word itself. Used by a reader when
he studies the beginning sound, word length, word chunks, etc. Part of the
graphophonemic cuing system.
Phonological Awareness
Includes ability of a student to identify & manipulate large parts of spoken language &
awareness of other aspects of sound in language. Examples: alliteration, intonation,
rhyming.
Concepts of Print
Examples of letters, words, directionality, punctuation
Creative Writing
Writing that uses the writer's imagination
Rubric
A set of scoring guidelines or criteria for evaluating student work. Often provide specific
guidelines regarding teacher expectations.
Errors
These are tallied during a reading whenever a child does any of the following:
substitutes words, omits words, inserts a word, has to be told the word.
Science Fiction
Stories that might happen in the future
Text to world
Implies that reader has made a connection from the reading to a topic or event that is
taking place in the world.
Poetry
Writing that contains short lines, imagery, & elements of sound
3 main cuing systems
Semantic, Syntactic, Graphophonemic
Literary Elements
Setting, characters, plot, theme, style
Analogy
Detailed & sometimes lengthy comparison or 2 ideas or events
Text to Self
This connection implies that the reader has made a connection between the reading &
their personal lives
Directionality
Top to bottom; left to right
Literature Circles
A small, temporary, heterogeneous group of students that gather together to discuss a
book of their choice with the goal of enhancing comprehension
Prosody
Ability to read with appropriate rhythm, intonation, and expression
Summarizing
Simply & concisely paraphrasing what has been read
Components of Reading Fluency
AARP; accuracy, automacity, rate, prosody
Internet
Developmental Stages of Writing
Pre-writing, drafting, revising, editing, publishing
Diagnostic Assessment
Standardized tests (assessments) that aim to determine a student's strengths and
weaknesses
Semantic Cuing System
focuses on any meaning a student derives from a sentence based on prior knowledge
(does this sentence make sense or not?)
Editing
Proofreading the draft for misspelled words, grammatical & mechanical errors. Focus is
on mechanics.
Publishing
Sharing the final product with an audience
Talking to the text
Strategy known as "a think aloud"
Historical Fiction
Realistic stories that are set in the past
Conveys meaning
Informal Assessment
Assessments include but are not limited to: cloze tests, running records, anecdotal
notes, rubrics, portfolios, informal reading inventories
Biography
Stories that tell about a person's life
Aesthetic Listening
Listening that is performed for enjoyment and pleasure
Partial Alphabetic
Letter is associated with sound at this stage
Pre-Alphabetic
Relies on visual cues to help read words. Usually pre-k stage. (ex.- knowing McDonald's
b/c of the golden arches)
Fantasy
Stories that cannot happen in the real world
Fluency
Ability to read quickly, accurately and with proper expression
Graphophonemic Cuing System
Focuses on various visual cues & knowledge about the relationship between sounds &
symbols. "Does this look right?" Hint: "graphic"
Primary Sources
A document or piece of work that was written, recorded or created during a particular
time period. Examples: photos, speeches, interviews, diaries, videos, audio
Visual Media
Also known as print media. Examples: video, t.v., radio
Artifacts
Real objects, usually representative of a particular culture or event
, Visual
Is related to the "look" of the letter in a word and the word itself. Used by a reader when
he studies the beginning sound, word length, word chunks, etc. Part of the
graphophonemic cuing system.
Phonological Awareness
Includes ability of a student to identify & manipulate large parts of spoken language &
awareness of other aspects of sound in language. Examples: alliteration, intonation,
rhyming.
Concepts of Print
Examples of letters, words, directionality, punctuation
Creative Writing
Writing that uses the writer's imagination
Rubric
A set of scoring guidelines or criteria for evaluating student work. Often provide specific
guidelines regarding teacher expectations.
Errors
These are tallied during a reading whenever a child does any of the following:
substitutes words, omits words, inserts a word, has to be told the word.
Science Fiction
Stories that might happen in the future
Text to world
Implies that reader has made a connection from the reading to a topic or event that is
taking place in the world.
Poetry
Writing that contains short lines, imagery, & elements of sound
3 main cuing systems
Semantic, Syntactic, Graphophonemic
Literary Elements
Setting, characters, plot, theme, style
Analogy
Detailed & sometimes lengthy comparison or 2 ideas or events
Text to Self
This connection implies that the reader has made a connection between the reading &
their personal lives
Directionality
Top to bottom; left to right
Literature Circles
A small, temporary, heterogeneous group of students that gather together to discuss a
book of their choice with the goal of enhancing comprehension
Prosody
Ability to read with appropriate rhythm, intonation, and expression
Summarizing
Simply & concisely paraphrasing what has been read
Components of Reading Fluency
AARP; accuracy, automacity, rate, prosody
Internet
