LEARNING MODELS AND TEACHING MODELS
A. LEARNING MODELS
Strategy according to Kemp (1995) is a learning activity that must be carried out by teachers and
students so that learning objectives can be achieved effectively and efficiently. In line with his
opinion, Kemp, Dick and Carey (1985) also stated that a learning strategy is a set of materials and
learning procedures that are used together to generate learning outcomes for students or students.
Efforts to implement the lesson plans that have been arranged in real activities so that the goals that
have been prepared can be achieved optimally, a method is needed to realize the strategies that have
been set. Thus, there can be a learning strategy using several methods.
1. COLLABORATIVE LEARNING MODEL
The method comes from the English "method" which means way. In the General Indonesian
Dictionary, the method is "a way that has been organized and thought well to achieve a goal (in
science and so on). While collaborative is taken from English, namely: "collaborative" means
(together or in a group). So the collaborative method is co-learning or cross-training. From the results
of this understanding it can be concluded that the collaborative method is working together as a
whole. Collaborative method or Cross Training is learning is always followed by discussion, sharing,
debate with opinions that are conducive and enriching insights, students work in groups to help each
other to solve complex problems.
The various roles of the teacher in collaborative learning are presented in full in the following
description:
1. Teacher as Facilitator
As a facilitator, the teacher must be able to create rich environments and activities to connect new
information with prior knowledge, provide opportunities for collaborative work and problem solving,
and offer students a variety of authentic learning assignments.
2. Teachers as Models
In general, modeling focuses on the role of the teacher who guides efforts to share students' thoughts
and demonstrates or explains something. However, in collaborative learning, modeling does not only
share thoughts about the material being studied, but also the process of communication and
collaborative learning. Modeling can include thinking (sharing views on something) or demonstration
(showing students how to do something step by step). The primary role of students in collaborative
learning is that of collaborators and active participants.
The description of several student roles in collaborative learning is as follows:
1. Establish goals
Students can prepare for learning in many ways. The most important way is to form goals, which is a
critical process that helps guide many other things before, during, and after learning activities. Even
though the teacher also sets goals for his students, students still make their own goals, so that many
choices of goals will appear. When students collaborate, they should talk about their goals.
2. Design Learning Tasks and Supervision
, When teachers plan general learning tasks, for example to produce a product in order to illustrate a
concept, historical setting, personal experience, etc., then in collaborative learning, students assume
responsibility
greater responsibility in planning learning activities
they.
3. Self Assessment
While teachers have assumed primary responsibility for assessing students' past performance,
collaborative learning takes an even broader view of assessment, namely guiding students from the
early school years to evaluate their own learning. Thus, students' new responsibility is self-
assessment, a skill developed when they assess group work.
4. The Importance of Interaction in Collaborative Learning
The role of dialogue in collaborative learning is emphasized. Dialogue means two-way
communication, not monologue. In this case, the teacher is not only lecturing and the students are
listening, but the teacher and students are listening, but both the teacher and students can be speakers
and listeners in a collaborative class. Therefore, the main goal of collaborative learning is how to
maintain dialogue that occurs in a fun way in the classroom.
5. Various Challenges and Conflicts in Collaborative Learning
To switch from traditional patterns to collaborative patterns in the learning and teaching process, of
course, requires a struggle that is not light. The sense of ego and the traditional paradigm that
considers that teachers are givers and students are recipients, as well as sharing teaching traditions
that are still inherent in most of our teachers, are of course a separate obstacle to the implementation
of collaborative education that promotes cooperation and dialogue between teachers and students.
In implementing the Collaborative Method, there are many advantages that students can get,
including:
1. Practicing a sense of care, concern and willingness to share
2. Increase the sense of appreciation for others.
3. Train emotional intelligence
4. Prioritizing group interests over personal interests
5. Sharpen interpersonal intelligence
6. Train the ability to work together, team work
7. Train the ability to listen to the opinions of others.
2. QUANTUM LEARNING MODEL
According to Huda (2013: 192), Quantum Learning is a learning model that makes learning fun fun.
The application of this model is expected to increase student interest in learning so that in the end
students can improve overall learning outcomes. The Quantum Learning learning model is a very
A. LEARNING MODELS
Strategy according to Kemp (1995) is a learning activity that must be carried out by teachers and
students so that learning objectives can be achieved effectively and efficiently. In line with his
opinion, Kemp, Dick and Carey (1985) also stated that a learning strategy is a set of materials and
learning procedures that are used together to generate learning outcomes for students or students.
Efforts to implement the lesson plans that have been arranged in real activities so that the goals that
have been prepared can be achieved optimally, a method is needed to realize the strategies that have
been set. Thus, there can be a learning strategy using several methods.
1. COLLABORATIVE LEARNING MODEL
The method comes from the English "method" which means way. In the General Indonesian
Dictionary, the method is "a way that has been organized and thought well to achieve a goal (in
science and so on). While collaborative is taken from English, namely: "collaborative" means
(together or in a group). So the collaborative method is co-learning or cross-training. From the results
of this understanding it can be concluded that the collaborative method is working together as a
whole. Collaborative method or Cross Training is learning is always followed by discussion, sharing,
debate with opinions that are conducive and enriching insights, students work in groups to help each
other to solve complex problems.
The various roles of the teacher in collaborative learning are presented in full in the following
description:
1. Teacher as Facilitator
As a facilitator, the teacher must be able to create rich environments and activities to connect new
information with prior knowledge, provide opportunities for collaborative work and problem solving,
and offer students a variety of authentic learning assignments.
2. Teachers as Models
In general, modeling focuses on the role of the teacher who guides efforts to share students' thoughts
and demonstrates or explains something. However, in collaborative learning, modeling does not only
share thoughts about the material being studied, but also the process of communication and
collaborative learning. Modeling can include thinking (sharing views on something) or demonstration
(showing students how to do something step by step). The primary role of students in collaborative
learning is that of collaborators and active participants.
The description of several student roles in collaborative learning is as follows:
1. Establish goals
Students can prepare for learning in many ways. The most important way is to form goals, which is a
critical process that helps guide many other things before, during, and after learning activities. Even
though the teacher also sets goals for his students, students still make their own goals, so that many
choices of goals will appear. When students collaborate, they should talk about their goals.
2. Design Learning Tasks and Supervision
, When teachers plan general learning tasks, for example to produce a product in order to illustrate a
concept, historical setting, personal experience, etc., then in collaborative learning, students assume
responsibility
greater responsibility in planning learning activities
they.
3. Self Assessment
While teachers have assumed primary responsibility for assessing students' past performance,
collaborative learning takes an even broader view of assessment, namely guiding students from the
early school years to evaluate their own learning. Thus, students' new responsibility is self-
assessment, a skill developed when they assess group work.
4. The Importance of Interaction in Collaborative Learning
The role of dialogue in collaborative learning is emphasized. Dialogue means two-way
communication, not monologue. In this case, the teacher is not only lecturing and the students are
listening, but the teacher and students are listening, but both the teacher and students can be speakers
and listeners in a collaborative class. Therefore, the main goal of collaborative learning is how to
maintain dialogue that occurs in a fun way in the classroom.
5. Various Challenges and Conflicts in Collaborative Learning
To switch from traditional patterns to collaborative patterns in the learning and teaching process, of
course, requires a struggle that is not light. The sense of ego and the traditional paradigm that
considers that teachers are givers and students are recipients, as well as sharing teaching traditions
that are still inherent in most of our teachers, are of course a separate obstacle to the implementation
of collaborative education that promotes cooperation and dialogue between teachers and students.
In implementing the Collaborative Method, there are many advantages that students can get,
including:
1. Practicing a sense of care, concern and willingness to share
2. Increase the sense of appreciation for others.
3. Train emotional intelligence
4. Prioritizing group interests over personal interests
5. Sharpen interpersonal intelligence
6. Train the ability to work together, team work
7. Train the ability to listen to the opinions of others.
2. QUANTUM LEARNING MODEL
According to Huda (2013: 192), Quantum Learning is a learning model that makes learning fun fun.
The application of this model is expected to increase student interest in learning so that in the end
students can improve overall learning outcomes. The Quantum Learning learning model is a very
