LEARNING MEDIA
A. The Nature, Functions, and Roles of Learning Media
Learning is a process of interaction and exchange of information between educators and students. In
order for the information conveyed by educators to be well received, learning media is needed.
According to Naz and Akbar (in Tiara et al., 2020), media is a means of conveying content to students
in order to achieve effective learning. According to Arsyad (in Tiara et al., 2020), learning media are
materials, tools or techniques used to carry out the process of educational communication interaction
between teachers and students taking place efficiently and efficiently. So that the use of media in
learning is needed to optimize the process of communication and transfer of knowledge between
teachers and students. Utilization of media can motivate and increase students' interest in learning.
The use of learning media can increase new desires and interests, as well as generate stimulation and
motivation for learning activities (Tiara et al., 2020). Yudhi Munadi (2008) states that in general the
main role of learning media is as a source of learning while other functions are the result of
consideration in studying its general characteristics, the language used to convey messages and the
impacts or effects they cause.
As the main actor in education, teachers are expected to be able to make students passionate about
learning. This can be done by applying interesting learning media for students. Advances in science
and technology have influenced the use of teaching aids in schools and other educational institutions
(Muhson, 2010). Muhson further stated that in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of
learning, it is necessary to develop various creative and new learning methods. This must be done to
prevent the learning process from becoming less interesting, monotonous, and boring, thus hindering
the transmission of knowledge. Thus, the function of the media in the learning process is very
important because it helps keep the learning process interesting and varied.
B. Types and Characteristics of Learning Media
Learning media in general can be grouped into three types, namely: (a) visual media, (b) audio media,
(c) and audiovisual media.
1. VISUAL MEDIA
As the name implies, visual media is media that can only be seen by using the sense of sight. This
type of media is often used by elementary school teachers to help convey content or learning
materials. This visual media consists of media that can be projected (projected visual) and media that
cannot be projected (projected visual). Let us detail one by one of these types of visual media.
A. Projected Visual Media
Visual media that can be projected is basically media that uses production tools so that images or
writing appear on the screen. This projection media can be in the form of stationary projection media,
for example still images and motion projection media, for example moving images. The production
tool requires electricity and requires a certain amount of space. sufficient for schools in urban areas
that have the ability to hold projection media, of course it is very profitable because it can be recorded
to attract more attention than media that is not projected, but in general there are still many schools in
elementary schools in Indonesia that have not been able to provide media This projection is because it
is considered quite expensive, besides that it also requires adequate skills and teachers to use the
method of maintaining and using the projection tool.
, B. Visual Media Not Projected (Non Project Visual)
The types of non-projected visual media that will be explained in this learning activity include
photographic images, graphics, and 3-dimensional media.
d. Photographic image
Photographic images or photographic images are included in still pictures, for example pictures of
humans, animals, places or other objects that are related to the content/learning materials that will be
presented to students.
e. Graphic
This graphic media is a two-dimensional viewing media, not a practice specifically designed to
communicate learning messages. The elements contained in this graphic media are pictures and
writing. This media can be used to express facts or ideas. Through the use of words, numbers and
symbols. symbol.
There are many types of graphic media, but the basics used in learning activities include: graphs,
charts, digrams, cartoons,/caricatures, and comics.
1) Graphs
Graphs are simple images to describe quantitative data that are accurate and easy to understand. Line
graphs are the most thorough and accurate type of graph of all types of graphs, especially those that
connect two sets of data.
2) Charts (charts)
Charts are usually designed to develop or show an idea or ideas through lines of symbols, pictures,
short words, the main function of this section is to show comparative relationships. Development of
classification and organization.
3) Diagrams
The diagram is a simple picture in a way to show the workings of an object first with lines.
4) Posters
Posters are a visual combination consisting of pictures and messages/writing, usually using striking
colors. Posters can be used as notices/information, warnings, appetizing, motivating, warning or
capturing students' attention.
5) cartoon ( cartoon )
Cartoons are depictions in the form of paintings or caricatures about people, ideas or situations
designed to shape students' opinions. The form can be a single cartoon or a series.
2. MEDIA AUDIO
Audio media is media that contains messages in auditory form (can only be heard) which can
stimulate students' thoughts, feelings, attention and willingness to learn teaching materials. The types
A. The Nature, Functions, and Roles of Learning Media
Learning is a process of interaction and exchange of information between educators and students. In
order for the information conveyed by educators to be well received, learning media is needed.
According to Naz and Akbar (in Tiara et al., 2020), media is a means of conveying content to students
in order to achieve effective learning. According to Arsyad (in Tiara et al., 2020), learning media are
materials, tools or techniques used to carry out the process of educational communication interaction
between teachers and students taking place efficiently and efficiently. So that the use of media in
learning is needed to optimize the process of communication and transfer of knowledge between
teachers and students. Utilization of media can motivate and increase students' interest in learning.
The use of learning media can increase new desires and interests, as well as generate stimulation and
motivation for learning activities (Tiara et al., 2020). Yudhi Munadi (2008) states that in general the
main role of learning media is as a source of learning while other functions are the result of
consideration in studying its general characteristics, the language used to convey messages and the
impacts or effects they cause.
As the main actor in education, teachers are expected to be able to make students passionate about
learning. This can be done by applying interesting learning media for students. Advances in science
and technology have influenced the use of teaching aids in schools and other educational institutions
(Muhson, 2010). Muhson further stated that in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of
learning, it is necessary to develop various creative and new learning methods. This must be done to
prevent the learning process from becoming less interesting, monotonous, and boring, thus hindering
the transmission of knowledge. Thus, the function of the media in the learning process is very
important because it helps keep the learning process interesting and varied.
B. Types and Characteristics of Learning Media
Learning media in general can be grouped into three types, namely: (a) visual media, (b) audio media,
(c) and audiovisual media.
1. VISUAL MEDIA
As the name implies, visual media is media that can only be seen by using the sense of sight. This
type of media is often used by elementary school teachers to help convey content or learning
materials. This visual media consists of media that can be projected (projected visual) and media that
cannot be projected (projected visual). Let us detail one by one of these types of visual media.
A. Projected Visual Media
Visual media that can be projected is basically media that uses production tools so that images or
writing appear on the screen. This projection media can be in the form of stationary projection media,
for example still images and motion projection media, for example moving images. The production
tool requires electricity and requires a certain amount of space. sufficient for schools in urban areas
that have the ability to hold projection media, of course it is very profitable because it can be recorded
to attract more attention than media that is not projected, but in general there are still many schools in
elementary schools in Indonesia that have not been able to provide media This projection is because it
is considered quite expensive, besides that it also requires adequate skills and teachers to use the
method of maintaining and using the projection tool.
, B. Visual Media Not Projected (Non Project Visual)
The types of non-projected visual media that will be explained in this learning activity include
photographic images, graphics, and 3-dimensional media.
d. Photographic image
Photographic images or photographic images are included in still pictures, for example pictures of
humans, animals, places or other objects that are related to the content/learning materials that will be
presented to students.
e. Graphic
This graphic media is a two-dimensional viewing media, not a practice specifically designed to
communicate learning messages. The elements contained in this graphic media are pictures and
writing. This media can be used to express facts or ideas. Through the use of words, numbers and
symbols. symbol.
There are many types of graphic media, but the basics used in learning activities include: graphs,
charts, digrams, cartoons,/caricatures, and comics.
1) Graphs
Graphs are simple images to describe quantitative data that are accurate and easy to understand. Line
graphs are the most thorough and accurate type of graph of all types of graphs, especially those that
connect two sets of data.
2) Charts (charts)
Charts are usually designed to develop or show an idea or ideas through lines of symbols, pictures,
short words, the main function of this section is to show comparative relationships. Development of
classification and organization.
3) Diagrams
The diagram is a simple picture in a way to show the workings of an object first with lines.
4) Posters
Posters are a visual combination consisting of pictures and messages/writing, usually using striking
colors. Posters can be used as notices/information, warnings, appetizing, motivating, warning or
capturing students' attention.
5) cartoon ( cartoon )
Cartoons are depictions in the form of paintings or caricatures about people, ideas or situations
designed to shape students' opinions. The form can be a single cartoon or a series.
2. MEDIA AUDIO
Audio media is media that contains messages in auditory form (can only be heard) which can
stimulate students' thoughts, feelings, attention and willingness to learn teaching materials. The types
