BCOR 370 WVU exam 1 Houghton latest 2023 with
complete solution
Organization
A systematic arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
Why do we have organizations?
-efficiency; to accomplish specific objectives
-serve society
-provide careers
How do organizations accomplish their objectives?
-Basic framework of management
-Decision Making
Basic Framework of Management
-Planning
-Organizing
-Leading
-Controlling
Management
The process of achieving goals, effectively and efficiently through, and with other
people.
What is scientific management?
The use of the scientific method to determine the "one best way" to perform a job or
task
Frederick Taylor
"The Father of Scientific Management"
-wrote the first management textbook
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth
Used scientific management:
-motion studies
-Brick laying example
What is the Legacy of Scientific Management?
-Fast efficient assembly lines
-techniques used from fast food to surgery
-job design, selection, training
During the 1920's and 1930's...
Management is dominated by "efficiency experts" concentrating on efficiency and
productivity above all else
What do you see as some of the problems with this approach to management?
Emphasis on productivity and profitability resulted in unhappy workers, labor unions and
strikes
Bureaucracy
An organization design marked by specialization, division of labor, authority hierarchies
and formal rules and procedures
Max Weber
, Observed that the bureaucracy was the dominant organization type because it was the
most efficient
Mary Parker Follett
Wrote about human factors in the work place
Elton Mayo
The Hawthorne Studies
The Hawthorne Effect
Money is less a factor in determinig output than group standards, sentiment and
security
-realized thee importance of individual needs, goals, expectations
-Began to apply techniques from psychology and sociology to understanding individuals
in the work place
Decision Making
A process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a problem
What is a problem?
A situation that occurs when the actual state of affairs differs from the desired state of
affairs
The Problem Solving Process
Problems must be accurately identified and defined
Creativity
-Ability to produce novel and useful ideas
-Key issue in problem solving and decision making
-Innate creativity is often stifled by society, schools, and organizations
Rational Decision Making Model
-Define Problem (investigate situation and determine the cause)
-Identify decision criteria
-Weigh the criteria
-Generate alternatives
-Rate alternatives on each criteria
-Choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative
What is Decision Making in Reality
-Bounded Rationality
-Satisficing
-Institution
-Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action
Advantages of Group Decision Making
-Broader perspective
-More alternatives
-Clarification of ambiguities
-More satisfaction and support
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
-Time consuming
-Compromise may satisfy no one
-Groupthink
-Overkill for simple decisions
-No clear decision Responsibility
complete solution
Organization
A systematic arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
Why do we have organizations?
-efficiency; to accomplish specific objectives
-serve society
-provide careers
How do organizations accomplish their objectives?
-Basic framework of management
-Decision Making
Basic Framework of Management
-Planning
-Organizing
-Leading
-Controlling
Management
The process of achieving goals, effectively and efficiently through, and with other
people.
What is scientific management?
The use of the scientific method to determine the "one best way" to perform a job or
task
Frederick Taylor
"The Father of Scientific Management"
-wrote the first management textbook
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth
Used scientific management:
-motion studies
-Brick laying example
What is the Legacy of Scientific Management?
-Fast efficient assembly lines
-techniques used from fast food to surgery
-job design, selection, training
During the 1920's and 1930's...
Management is dominated by "efficiency experts" concentrating on efficiency and
productivity above all else
What do you see as some of the problems with this approach to management?
Emphasis on productivity and profitability resulted in unhappy workers, labor unions and
strikes
Bureaucracy
An organization design marked by specialization, division of labor, authority hierarchies
and formal rules and procedures
Max Weber
, Observed that the bureaucracy was the dominant organization type because it was the
most efficient
Mary Parker Follett
Wrote about human factors in the work place
Elton Mayo
The Hawthorne Studies
The Hawthorne Effect
Money is less a factor in determinig output than group standards, sentiment and
security
-realized thee importance of individual needs, goals, expectations
-Began to apply techniques from psychology and sociology to understanding individuals
in the work place
Decision Making
A process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a problem
What is a problem?
A situation that occurs when the actual state of affairs differs from the desired state of
affairs
The Problem Solving Process
Problems must be accurately identified and defined
Creativity
-Ability to produce novel and useful ideas
-Key issue in problem solving and decision making
-Innate creativity is often stifled by society, schools, and organizations
Rational Decision Making Model
-Define Problem (investigate situation and determine the cause)
-Identify decision criteria
-Weigh the criteria
-Generate alternatives
-Rate alternatives on each criteria
-Choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative
What is Decision Making in Reality
-Bounded Rationality
-Satisficing
-Institution
-Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action
Advantages of Group Decision Making
-Broader perspective
-More alternatives
-Clarification of ambiguities
-More satisfaction and support
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
-Time consuming
-Compromise may satisfy no one
-Groupthink
-Overkill for simple decisions
-No clear decision Responsibility
