NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
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LECTURE
SESSION 17
1. Host defense mechanisms—ways in which the body protects itself from pathogens—can be thought
of as an army consisting of how many lines of defense?
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
Answer: B
Rationale: Host defense mechanisms—ways in which the body protects itself from pathogens—can be
thought of as an army consisting of three lines of defense
2. Which of the following is not part of the body’s first line of defense?
a. fever
b. intact skin
c. mucus
d. pH of the stomach
contents Answer: A
Rationale: First line of defense includes skin and mucous membranes, cellular and chemical factors and
microbial antagonism
3. Each of the following is considered a part of the body’s second line of defense except:
a. fever.
b. inflammation.
c. interferons.
d. lysozyme.
Answer: D
NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
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,NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
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Rationale: Second line of defense a complex sequence of events develops involving production of fever,
production of interferons, activation of the complement system, inflammation, chemotaxis, and
phagocytosis.
4. Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system?
a. attraction and activation of leukocytes
b. increased phagocytosis by phagocytic cells (opsonization)
c. lysis of bacteria and other foreign cells
d. repair of damaged tissue
Answer: D
Rationale: Major consequences of complement activation are Initiation and amplification of
inflammation, Attraction of phagocytes to sites where they are needed (chemotaxis; to be discussed later),
Activation of leukocytes, Lysis of bacteria and other foreign cells and Increased phagocytosis by
phagocytic cells (opsonization).
5. Each of the following is a primary purpose of the inflammatory response except:
a. to localize the infection.
b. to neutralize any toxins being produced at the site.
c. to prevent the spread of microbial invaders.
d. to stimulate the production of
opsonins. Answer: D
Rationale: The primary purposes of the inflammatory response are to: Localize an infection, prevent the
spread of microbial invaders, neutralize any toxins being produced at the site and aid in the repair of
damaged tissue
6. Which of the following cells is a granulocyte?
a. eosinophil
b. lymphocyte
c. macrophage
d. monocyte
Answer: A
Rationale: The three types of granulocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
,NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
7. All the following would be considered an aspect of microbial antagonism except:
a. competition for nutrients.
b. competition for space.
c. production of bacteriocins.
d. production of lysozyme.
Answer: D
Rationale: The inhibitory capability of the indigenous microflora has been attributed to the following
factors: Competition for colonization sites, competition for nutrients and production of substances that
kill other bacteria
8. Steps in phagocytosis in which the object is broken down and dissolved by digestive enzymes
and other mechanisms?
a. Chemotaxis
b. Attachment
c. Ingestion
d. Digestion
Answer: D
Rationale: Digestion - The object is broken down and dissolved by digestive enzymes and other
mechanisms
9. Which of the following statements about interferons is false?
a. Interferons are virus-specific.
b. Interferons have been used to treat hepatitis C and certain types of cancer.
c. Interferons produced by a virus-infected cell will not save that cell from destruction.
d. Interferons produced by virus-infected rabbit cells cannot be used to treat viral diseases in
humans. Answer: A
Rationale: Interferons are not virus specific, meaning that they are effective against a variety of viruses,
not just the particular type of virus that stimulated their production.
10. Which of the following is not one of the four cardinal signs or symptoms of inflammation?
a. edema
NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
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, NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
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b. heat
c. loss of function
d. redness
Answer: C
Rationale: The four cardinal or main signs and symptoms of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling
(edema), and pain.
SESSION 18
1. These are molecules that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies
a. antigen
b. antibodies
c. vaccines
d. immunoglobulin
Answer: A
Rationale: Antigens are molecules that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.
2. These are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens.
a. antigen
b. antibodies
c. vaccines
d. immunoglobulin
Answer: B
Rationale: Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens.
3. The primary function of these cells are to secrete of cytokines.
a. T cells
b. B cells
c. helper T cells
d. cytotoxic T
cells Answer: C
NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
LECTURE
SESSION 17
1. Host defense mechanisms—ways in which the body protects itself from pathogens—can be thought
of as an army consisting of how many lines of defense?
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
Answer: B
Rationale: Host defense mechanisms—ways in which the body protects itself from pathogens—can be
thought of as an army consisting of three lines of defense
2. Which of the following is not part of the body’s first line of defense?
a. fever
b. intact skin
c. mucus
d. pH of the stomach
contents Answer: A
Rationale: First line of defense includes skin and mucous membranes, cellular and chemical factors and
microbial antagonism
3. Each of the following is considered a part of the body’s second line of defense except:
a. fever.
b. inflammation.
c. interferons.
d. lysozyme.
Answer: D
NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
,NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
Rationale: Second line of defense a complex sequence of events develops involving production of fever,
production of interferons, activation of the complement system, inflammation, chemotaxis, and
phagocytosis.
4. Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system?
a. attraction and activation of leukocytes
b. increased phagocytosis by phagocytic cells (opsonization)
c. lysis of bacteria and other foreign cells
d. repair of damaged tissue
Answer: D
Rationale: Major consequences of complement activation are Initiation and amplification of
inflammation, Attraction of phagocytes to sites where they are needed (chemotaxis; to be discussed later),
Activation of leukocytes, Lysis of bacteria and other foreign cells and Increased phagocytosis by
phagocytic cells (opsonization).
5. Each of the following is a primary purpose of the inflammatory response except:
a. to localize the infection.
b. to neutralize any toxins being produced at the site.
c. to prevent the spread of microbial invaders.
d. to stimulate the production of
opsonins. Answer: D
Rationale: The primary purposes of the inflammatory response are to: Localize an infection, prevent the
spread of microbial invaders, neutralize any toxins being produced at the site and aid in the repair of
damaged tissue
6. Which of the following cells is a granulocyte?
a. eosinophil
b. lymphocyte
c. macrophage
d. monocyte
Answer: A
Rationale: The three types of granulocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
,NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
7. All the following would be considered an aspect of microbial antagonism except:
a. competition for nutrients.
b. competition for space.
c. production of bacteriocins.
d. production of lysozyme.
Answer: D
Rationale: The inhibitory capability of the indigenous microflora has been attributed to the following
factors: Competition for colonization sites, competition for nutrients and production of substances that
kill other bacteria
8. Steps in phagocytosis in which the object is broken down and dissolved by digestive enzymes
and other mechanisms?
a. Chemotaxis
b. Attachment
c. Ingestion
d. Digestion
Answer: D
Rationale: Digestion - The object is broken down and dissolved by digestive enzymes and other
mechanisms
9. Which of the following statements about interferons is false?
a. Interferons are virus-specific.
b. Interferons have been used to treat hepatitis C and certain types of cancer.
c. Interferons produced by a virus-infected cell will not save that cell from destruction.
d. Interferons produced by virus-infected rabbit cells cannot be used to treat viral diseases in
humans. Answer: A
Rationale: Interferons are not virus specific, meaning that they are effective against a variety of viruses,
not just the particular type of virus that stimulated their production.
10. Which of the following is not one of the four cardinal signs or symptoms of inflammation?
a. edema
NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
, NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
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b. heat
c. loss of function
d. redness
Answer: C
Rationale: The four cardinal or main signs and symptoms of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling
(edema), and pain.
SESSION 18
1. These are molecules that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies
a. antigen
b. antibodies
c. vaccines
d. immunoglobulin
Answer: A
Rationale: Antigens are molecules that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.
2. These are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens.
a. antigen
b. antibodies
c. vaccines
d. immunoglobulin
Answer: B
Rationale: Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens.
3. The primary function of these cells are to secrete of cytokines.
a. T cells
b. B cells
c. helper T cells
d. cytotoxic T
cells Answer: C
NURS 104 TERM 3 MICROBIO BEST QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 2022 UPDATE
SUCCESS ASSURED
