APUSH Review Activity 6 _ Concept Outline Time Period 6

APUSH Review Activity #6 College Board Concept Outline Period 6: 1865 to 1898 Directions: The Concept Outline below presents the required concepts and topics that students need to understand for the APUSH test. The statements in the outline focus on large-scale historical processes and major developments. Our course has focused on specific and significant historical evidence from the past that illustrate each of these developments and processes. Complete each table on the outline below by choosing two specific examples of relevant historical evidence that illustrate the concepts in greater detail. You may choose from among the ones provided OR provide one of your own. Define or describe the example and explain its significance to the thesis statement directly above the box. Key Concept 6.1: Technological advances, large-scale production methods, and the opening of new markets encouraged the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States. I. Large-scale industrial production — accompanied by massive technological change, expanding international communication networks, and pro-growth government policies — generated rapid economic development and business consolidation. A. Following the Civil War, government subsidies for transportation and communication systems helped open new markets in North America. Examples: Federal and state loans and land grants to transcontinental railroads, Credit Mobilier Scandal, transatlantic telegraph cable (1866) Example Definition/Description Significance to the Thesis Credit Mobilier Scandal Stockholders of Union Pacific Railroad made a company & put in or gave away shares of construction. This scandal was done during trying to make the first continental railroad in which this encourages transportation. Transatlantic telegraph cable (1866) An undersea cable running under the Atlantic Ocean used for telegraph communications. This product also encouraged a new market of a new industrial nation. B. Businesses made use of technological innovations, greater access to natural resources, redesigned financial and management structures, advances in marketing, and a growing labor force to dramatically increase the production of goods. Examples: John D. Rockefeller (oil), J.P. Morgan (banking), Andrew Carnegie (Bessemer steel), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Cornelius Vanderbilt (railroads), Cyrus Field (transatlantic telegraph), Montgomery Ward mail order catalog Example Definition/Description Significance to the Thesis John D. Rockefeller He was known as the businessman in the oil industry, also known as the wealthiest man ever. This shows the boom of marketing & business in the after civil war era and the competitiveness created through the business industry. Andrew Carnegie He was the at the top of the steel/metal industry & This shows the boom of marketing & business in the after civil war era and the competitiveness created 1 was known to be a robber baron. through the business industry & the many job opportunity opened through these companies. C. As the price of many goods decreased, workers’ real wages increased, providing new access to a variety of goods and services; many Americans’ standards of living improved, while the gap between rich and poor grew. Examples: Gilded Age by Mark Twain (1873), Boss Tweed (), tenement housing, Century of Dishonor by Helen Hunt Jackson (1881), How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis (1890) Example Definition/Description Significance to the Thesis Century of Dishonor Book written by Helen Hunt Jackson in 1881 to change what the stereotype of Native were & to bring awareness to their mistreatment. This connects to the thesis in the way that the living conditions & treatment of Natives was poor and horrible. How the Other Half Lives Book written by Jacob Riis in 1890 to show the poor and sad conditions of tenements and how they lived to survive. This shows how manys’ living conditions bettered, the other half was still living in the slums just to survive. D. Many business leaders sought increased profits by consolidating corporations into large trusts and holding companies, which further concentrated wealth. Examples: near monopoly, Standard Oil Trust (1882), holding company, business pool, horizontal integration, vertical integration, Example Definition/Description Significance to the Thesis vertical integration This was a method used to go further up on the economic chain, which was to combine separate companies that produce different products into one. This connects to the thesis in showing a method used by them to stay on top of their business. horizontal integration This is another technique used by businesses, process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain This also shows another technique used by business leaders continue in being the leader of their industry. E. Businesses and foreign policymakers increasingly looked outside U.S. borders in an effort to gain greater influence and control over markets and natural resources in the Pacific Rim, Asia, and Latin America. Examples: Purchase of Alaska (1867), Influence of Sea Power upon History by Alfred T. Mahan (1890) Turner Thesis (1893), Treaty of Paris (1898) and the acquisition of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, annexation of Hawaii (1898), John Hay’s Open Door Note (1899) Example Definition/Description Significance to the Thesis 2 Purchase of Alaska (1867) The United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by President Andrew Johnson. This shows the end of Russian efforts to expand trade and settlements to the Pacific coast of North America, and became an important step in the United States rise as a great power in the Asia-Pacific region. The acquisition of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines U.S. and Spanish governments signed this on December 10, 1898. guaranteeing the independence of Cuba & forcing Spain to cede Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States. This shows the efforts control, have, & “rule” more as they are trying to extend their power. II. A variety of perspectives on the economy and labor developed during a time of financial panics and downturns. A. Some argued that laissez-faire policies and competition promoted economic growth in the long run, and they opposed government intervention during economic downturns. Examples: Laissez faire policies, Panic of 1873, Panic of 1893, Social Darwinism, Horatio Alger’s “rags to riches” dime novels, Andrew Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth (1899), philanthropy Example Definition/Description Significance to the Thesis Panic of 1873 A financial crisis that triggered a depression in Europe and North America that was known as the long depression in the following two decades. This depicts the financial panics and downturns due to this being caused by the failure of Jay Cooke and Company, the country's preeminent investment banking concern Social Darwinism This was the theory of darwinism applied to economy that only the fittest will stay on top of the social chain. This was the excuse used by many business leaders after they did cruel things to stay on top of the social chain. B. The industrial workforce expanded and became